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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">622849</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto622849</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Determining the effectiveness of a xenogeneic bone matrix decellularization protocol in <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> studies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение эффективности протокола децеллюляризации ксеногенного костного матрикса в исследованиях <italic>in vitro</italic> и <italic>in vivo</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-1929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolentsev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смоленцев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>SmolentsevDV@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-1232</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2814-7745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>Yulia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. тех. наук</p></bio><email>lukina_rctu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-6794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bionyshev-Abramov</surname><given-names>Leonid L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бионышев-Абрамов</surname><given-names>Леонид Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sity-x@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-1552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2249-9762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serejnikova</surname><given-names>Natalya B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сережникова</surname><given-names>Наталья Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>natalia.serj@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-5228</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2413-5980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалёв</surname><given-names>Алексей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kovalevav@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-0552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3367-2493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berchenko</surname><given-names>Gennadiy N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берченко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>berchenkogn@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Priorov Central Institute for Trauma and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>431</fpage><lpage>443</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/622849">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/622849</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND<italic>:</italic></bold> Restoration of tissue integrity, including bone tissue, is currently an extremely urgent task, both because of the increasing number of high-energy traumas accompanied by severe skeletal injuries and the growing number of revision endoprosthetics requiring the use of bone-plastic materials.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic><bold>:</bold> </italic>To determine the efficacy of the developed protocol for decellularization of xenogenic bone matrix in preclinical <italic>in vitro </italic>studies aimed at defining the purification matrix degree, on the basis of histological, microtomographic evaluation, cell culture method, and <italic>in vivo</italic> studies aimed at identifying the biocompatibility and osteogenic properties of the materials.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic><bold>: </bold></italic>Xenogenic spongiosis tissue of bovine femoral bones was fragmented to the size of 10×10×10 mm and treated with water, hypotonic solution and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, deep purification by supercritical fluid extraction was applied. The efficiency of the optimal protocol was tested <italic>in vitro</italic> by cell culture method and <italic>in vivo</italic>.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic><bold>:</bold> </italic>The ideal interaction of cell culture with bone-plastic material was revealed, which may be associated with the absence of cytotoxic substances in the matrix, optimal roughness and good adhesive properties of the surface suitable for the formation of focal contacts by bone marrow stromal cells, their adhesion, spreading and proliferation. A pronounced bone callus with formed bone bridges running along the surface of the implanted material was determined 30 days after implantation. By this study period, the defect was practically closed due to the intermedial bone callus, the implanted material is found in the form of individual small osteocyte-free fragments.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold><italic><bold>: </bold></italic>The xenogenic bone matrix purified according to the developed protocol is bio- and cytocompatible, has pronounced osteoconductive properties, effectively stimulates regenerative osteogenesis in living organism.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Задачи восстановления целостности тканей, в том числе костной, на текущий момент являются крайне актуальными — как из-за возрастания высокоэнергетических травм, сопровождающихся тяжёлыми повреждениями скелета, так и из-за растущего числа ревизионных эндопротезирований, требующих применения костно-пластических материалов.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Определение эффективности разработанного протокола децеллюляризации ксеногенного костного матрикса в доклинических исследованиях <italic>in vitro</italic>, направленных на определение степени очистки матрикса, на основе гистологической, микротомографической оценок, методом клеточных культур, и в исследованиях <italic>in vivo</italic>, направленных на определение биосовместимости и остеогенных свойств материалов.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Ксеногенную спонгиозную ткань бедренных костей крупного рогатого скота фрагментировали до размеров 10×10×10 мм и обрабатывали водой, гипотоническим раствором и 3% раствором перекиси водорода, применяли глубокую очистку методом сверхкритической флюидной экстракции. Эффективность оптимального протокола проверялась <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vitro</italic> методом клеточных культур и <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vivo</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Выявлено идеальное взаимодействие клеточной культуры с костно-пластическим материалом, что может быть связано с отсутствием цитотоксических веществ в матриксе, оптимальной шероховатостью и хорошими адгезивными свойствами поверхности, пригодной для формирования стромальными клетками костного мозга фокальных контактов, их адгезии, распластывания и пролиферации. Определяется выраженная костная мозоль со сформированными костными мостиками, проходящими по поверхности имплантированного материала, через 30 суток после имплантации. К данному сроку исследования дефект практически закрыт за счёт интермедиарной костной мозоли, имплантированный материал встречается в виде отдельных небольших безостеоцитных фрагментов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Очищенный по разработанному протоколу ксеногенный костный матрикс является био- и цитосовместимым, обладает выраженными остеокондуктивными свойствами, эффективно стимулирует регенеративный остеогенез в живом организме.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone tissue</kwd><kwd>decellularization</kwd><kwd>fluid extraction</kwd><kwd>micro-CT</kwd><kwd>stromal cells</kwd><kwd>xenogenic</kwd><kwd>implantation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>костная ткань</kwd><kwd>децеллюляризация</kwd><kwd>флюидная экстракция</kwd><kwd>микро-КТ</kwd><kwd>стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>ксеногенная</kwd><kwd>имплантация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelegrine AA, Teixeira ML, Sperandio M, et al. 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