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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">628927</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto628927</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term results of primary and revision oncological endoprosthetics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Долгосрочные результаты первичного и повторного онкологического эндопротезирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-019X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8261-4838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovskii</surname><given-names>Anatolii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>Анатолий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>avs2006@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-4466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovskii</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>arbat.62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-4138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>Mamed D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Мамед Багир Джавад оглы</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>oncology@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>553</fpage><lpage>573</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/628927">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/628927</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Increased overall survival leads to a significant increase in the service life of implants. Currently, no joint replacement systems are failure-free, which reduces the service life.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><italic> </italic>To assess and systematize the main complications of primary and revision joint replacement surgery, identify the main causes of these complications at various stages of joint replacement based on literature data and analysis of own findings in a large patient population, and develop treatment approaches.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study included 1,292 patients with primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas, as well as metastatic and benign bone tumors, with 1,671 primary and revision joint replacement surgeries of varying extent performed between January 1992 and January 2020. The proportion of males and females who underwent joint replacement surgery was approximately equal. Joint replacement surgery was performed in 886 (68.6%) patients with primary cancer, 144 (11.1%) patients with metastases to long bones, and 262 (20.3%) patients with benign tumors.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> During the study period, the overall incidence of complications was 1.4 times higher in the revision joint replacement surgery group (38.1%) compared to the primary joint replacement surgery group (26.6%). The most common type I–IV complications included unstable implants two and more years post-surgery (type IIB) and broken implants (type IIIA). As a result of innovative modifications, the overall incidence of type I–IV complications in primary and revision joint replacement surgery decreased to 16.5% and 24.3%, respectively. The most common cancer-related complication of primary joint replacement surgery was tumor recurrence (type V), accounting for 9.5% of cases. Tapered and cylindrical stems were the best shapes for primary and revision joint replacement surgery. The best stability was observed for 60–100 mm long stems in upper extremity joint replacement and 110–150 mm long stems in lower extremity joint replacement. Stems longer than 160 mm can only be used in revision joint replacement surgery. Adequate perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the risk of implant site infections.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><italic> </italic>High-quality cement mantle formation, stems that match the diameter and shape of the medullary canal, and optimal stem length decrease the incidence of early aseptic instability. The study used a set of preventive measures, including strict compliance with standardized antibiotic therapy regimens during and after surgery, surgical technique modifications, perioperative patient management, and informing patients about the risks of infectious complications. These measures decreased the incidence of early implant site infections after primary and revision joint replacement surgery for a period of 28 years. The efficacy of combination treatment for these diseases has a direct impact on the incidence of local tumor recurrence. Surgical technique modifications based on tumor grade significantly increased treatment efficacy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Повышение общей выживаемости пациентов приводит к многократному увеличению срока эксплуатации эндопротеза. В настоящее время не существует систем эндопротезирования без эксплуатационных недостатков, что приводит к сокращению срока их использования.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить и систематизировать основные осложнения первичного и повторного эндопротезирования, выявить их основные причины в различные периоды эндопротезирования с применением литературных данных, анализа собственных результатов на большой группе пациентов, разработать принципы их купирования.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В исследование были включены 1292 пациента с первичными саркомами кости, мягких тканей, метастатическими и доброкачественными опухолями кости, которым с января 1992 по январь 2020 г. было выполнено 1671 первичное и повторное эндопротезирование различного объёма. В общей группе пациентов, перенёсших эндопротезирование, число мужчин и женщин оказалось примерно равным. Онкологическое эндопротезирование было проведено 886 (68,6%) пациентам с первичными злокачественными опухолями, 144 (11,1%) — с метастатическим поражением длинных трубчатых костей и 262 (20,3%) — с доброкачественными новообразованиями.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>За исследуемый период наблюдения общая частота осложнений оказалась в 1,4 раза выше в группе пациентов после повторного эндопротезирования (38,1%) по сравнению с первичным (26,6%). Наиболее часто среди осложнений I–IV типа были выявлены нестабильность эндопротеза, возникшая через 2 и более года (IIB тип), и поломки эндопротеза (IIIA тип). Благодаря инновационным изменениям общая частота осложнений I–IV типа снизилась: при первичном эндопротезировании — до 16,5%, при повторном — до 24,3%. Наиболее частым онкологическим осложнением после первичного эндопротезирования стал рецидив опухоли (тип V), составивший 9,5% случаев. Оптимальная форма ножки эндопротеза при первичном и повторном эндопротезировании — коническая и цилиндрическая фигурная. Наиболее стабильными являются ножки эндопротеза длиной 60–100 мм при эндопротезировании верхней конечности и 110–150 мм при эндопротезировании нижней конечности. Ножки эндопротеза длиной более 160 мм могут быть использованы только в реэндопротезировании. Внедрённая рациональная периоперационная антибиотикопрофилактика позволила снизить риск инфекции ложа эндопротеза.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Качество формирования цементной мантии, соответствие ножки эндопротеза диаметру и форме костномозгового канала, выбор её оптимальной длины позволяют снизить частоту ранней асептической нестабильности. Разработанный в исследовании превентивный комплекс мер, заключающийся в строгом соблюдении стандартизованных профилактических схем антибактериальных препаратов во время операции и после неё, изменений в хирургической технике, периоперационном ведении пациентов, их информировании о рисках инфекционных осложнений, позволил снизить частоту ранней инфекции ложа эндопротеза при первичном и повторном эндопротезировании за период 28 лет. Снижение частоты местного рецидива опухоли непосредственно зависит от эффективности комплексного подхода к лечению этой группы заболеваний. Изменение хирургической техники при поражении опухолями различной степени дифференцировки позволило добиться значимой радикальности проводимого лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone tumor</kwd><kwd>sarcoma</kwd><kwd>onco-orthopedics</kwd><kwd>oncological endoprosthesis replacement</kwd><kwd>primary endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>revision endoprosthetics</kwd><kwd>complications of endoprosthesis replacement</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опухоль кости</kwd><kwd>саркома</kwd><kwd>онкоортопедия</kwd><kwd>онкологическое эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>первичное эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>повторное эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>осложнения эндопротезирования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Shakhzadova AO. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2021 (morbidity and mortality). 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