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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">629012</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto629012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Kyphoscoliotic spinal deformities associated with high risk of developing neurological deficits. Literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кифосколиотические деформации позвоночника, ассоциированные с высоким риском развития неврологического дефицита. Обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-2887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1402-5186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>Anton G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Антон Герасимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor of RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН</p></bio><email>nazarenkoag@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-8274</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7052-0220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuleshov</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулешов</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>cito-spine@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9832-316X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4015-8113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Militsa</surname><given-names>Igor M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милица</surname><given-names>Игорь Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igor.milica@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-5220</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9690-5117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetrile</surname><given-names>Marchel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветрилэ</surname><given-names>Марчел Степанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>vetrilams@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-4381</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9845-1251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisyansky</surname><given-names>Igor N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисянский</surname><given-names>Игорь Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>lisigornik@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0406-1997</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2767-2429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>moscow.makarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>415</fpage><lpage>426</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-09"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/629012">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/629012</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This is a literature review on kyphoscoliotic deformities with a high risk of severe primary neurological deficit. The review is integrative in nature and was conducted using medical literature databases and search resources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The following aspects are covered: the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological deficits caused by the natural progression of deformities, the main principles, and directions of surgical treatment for neurologically complicated spinal deformities. The scientific literature describes the primary mechanisms of neurological deficit development: mechanical compression and traction of the spinal cord, as well as impaired circulation at the apex of the deformity. Surgical methods for treating neurologically complicated kyphotic and scoliotic deformities have evolved with advancements in spinal instrumentation and approaches. In the first half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, various spinal canal decompression methods were described, including laminectomy, costotransversectomy, spinal cord mobilization, and spinal canal remodeling. In the second half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, the development and active use of spinal instrumentation (sublaminar hooks, pedicle screws) enabled simultaneous decompression, fixation, stabilization, and correction of spinal deformities. Combining different stabilization and deformity correction methods with concurrent spinal canal decompression creates the conditions for restoring spinal cord function, leading to a regression of neurological deficits and preventing severe patient disability.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлен обзор литературы, посвящённой кифосколиотическим деформациям с высоким риском грубого первичного неврологического дефицита. Обзор носит интегративный характер и проведён с использованием баз данных медицинской литературы и поисковых ресурсов PubMed, Google Scholar и eLibrary. В обзоре затронуты следующие аспекты: этиология и патогенез неврологического дефицита, вызванного естественным течением деформации, основные принципы и направления хирургического лечения неврологически осложнённых деформаций позвоночника. В научной литературе описаны основные механизмы развития неврологического дефицита: механическая компрессия спинного мозга и его тракция, нарушение кровообращения на вершине деформации. Методы хирургического лечения неврологически осложнённых кифотических и сколиотических деформаций менялись согласно развитию инструментария и подходов в вертебрологии. В первой половине XX века были описаны различные методы декомпрессии позвоночного канала, такие как ламинэктомия, косттрансверзэктомия, мобилизация спинного мозга и моделирование позвоночного канала. Развитие и активное применение во второй половине XX века в практике инструментария (субламинарные крючки, транспедикулярные винты) позволило выполнять одновременно с декомпрессией позвоночного канала фиксацию, стабилизацию и коррекцию деформации позвоночника. Сочетание различных методов стабилизации и коррекции деформации с одновременной декомпрессией позвоночного канала обеспечивает условия для восстановления функции повреждённого спинного мозга, приводя к регрессу неврологического дефицита и недопущению тяжёлой инвалидизации пациента.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kyphosis</kwd><kwd>scoliosis</kwd><kwd>neurological deficit</kwd><kwd>vertebrotomy</kwd><kwd>decompression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кифоз</kwd><kwd>сколиоз</kwd><kwd>неврологический дефицит</kwd><kwd>вертебротомия</kwd><kwd>декомпрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papaliodis DN, Bonanni PG, Roberts TT, et al. Computer assisted Cobb angle measurements: A novel algorithm. 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