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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">631490</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto631490</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of general and regional anesthesia on cognitive status in elderly and senile patients undergoing primary and revision arthroplasty of lower limb joints</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние общей и регионарной анестезии на когнитивный статус у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста при первичном и ревизионном эндопротезировании суставов нижней конечности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-3208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukolov</surname><given-names>Konstantin Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уколов</surname><given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ukolov_doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0530-6792</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3591-1127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapyrnina</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капырина</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>mashamv69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-0679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>sokolovatv63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Otrhopaedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-01"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/631490">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/631490</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>Recently, the impact of general anaesthesia on the patient's cognitive state has been increasingly discussed. The detrimental effects of the general anaesthetic components can be clinically manifested in the form of impaired memory, coordination and attention, as well as in the development of delirium, which increases postoperative mortality.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><italic> </italic>To evaluate the influence of methods of general anaesthesia and the combination of regional anaesthesia and intravenous sedation on the development of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older and elderly patients undergoing surgery for endoprosthesis of large joints of the lower limb, such as knee and hip joints.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> A single-blind, randomized study was conducted in 122 aged patients with orthopedic pathology of the lower limb joints undergoing treatment in the Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Otrhopaedics. The effect of general anesthesia and its components in combination with spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine or levobupivacaine on the development of cognitive impairment in the early postoperative period was assessed using the Montreal Mental Status Assessment Scale MoCA.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><italic> </italic>Postoperative delirium developed in 3.3% of patients in the spinal anaesthesia group with intravenous midazolam sedation, early postoperative cognitive dysfunction developed in 26.7% of patients in the spinal anaesthesia group with intravenous midazolam and diazepam sedation, and in 16.7% of patients in the dexmedetomidine group with intravenous dexmedetomidine sedation. In the sevoflurane general anaesthesia group, the incidence of cognitive impairment was significantly higher than in the spinal anaesthesia groups: postoperative delirium developed in 6.3% of patients, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was found in 50% of older and elderly patients.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>The use of spinal anaesthesia with intravenous sedation with benzodiazepines or dexmedetomidine has a significantly lower effect on the incidence of early postoperative cognitive impairment compared with general anaesthesia with sevoflurane in elderly and older patients undergoing major joint replacement surgery. Intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine is preferable to spinal anaesthesia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В последнее время всё чаще обсуждается влияние общей анестезии на когнитивную сферу пациента. Повреждающее действие компонентов общей анестезии клинически может проявляться как в виде нарушений памяти, координации и внимания, так и в виде развития делирия, увеличивающего послеоперационную летальность.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold><bold> </bold>Оценить влияние методов общей анестезии и сочетания регионарной анестезии с внутривенной седацией на развитие ранних послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста при операциях по эндопротезированию крупных суставов нижней конечности, таких как коленный и тазобедренный суставы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы.</bold> Простое слепое рандомизированное исследование проведено у 122 пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с ортопедической патологией суставов нижних конечностей, находящихся на лечении в клиниках ЦИТО. Влияние общей анестезии и её компонентов в сочетании со спинальной анестезией бупивакаином или левобупивакаином на развитие когнитивных расстройств в раннем послеоперационном периоде оценивали с помощью Монреальской шкалы оценки психического статуса MoCA.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Послеоперационный делирий развился у 3,3% в группе лиц со спинальной анестезией с внутривенной седацией мидазоламом, ранняя послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция — у 26,7% пациентов после спинальной анестезии с внутривенной седацией мидазоламом и диазепамом и у 16,7% с внутривенной седацией дексмедетомидином. В группе с общей анестезией севофлураном частота развития когнитивных нарушений была значимо выше, чем в группах со спинальной анестезией: послеоперационный делирий развился у 6,3% пациентов, а послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция выявлена у 50% лиц пожилого и старческого возраста.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Применение спинальной анестезии с внутривенной седацией бензодиазепинами или дексмедетомидином оказывает значимо меньшее влияние на частоту развития ранних послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений по сравнению с общей анестезией севофлураном у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста при эндопротезировании крупных суставов. При проведении спинальной анестезии предпочтительно применять внутривенную седацию дексмедетомидином.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aged</kwd><kwd>spinal anesthesia</kwd><kwd>general anesthesia</kwd><kwd>arthroplasty of the joints</kwd><kwd>postoperative cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>postoperative delirium</kwd><kwd>dexmedetomidine</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological tests</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>спинальная анестезия</kwd><kwd>общая анестезия</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование суставов</kwd><kwd>послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>послеоперационный делирий</kwd><kwd>дексмедетомидин</kwd><kwd>нейропсихологические тесты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arefayne NR, Berhe YW, van Zundert AA. 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