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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto640844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IPCBGS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental study of the fixation properties of various biomechanical options for plate osteosynthesis of comminuted impaction fractures of the tibial plateau</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспериментальное исследование фиксационных свойств различных биомеханических вариантов накостного остеосинтеза оскольчатого импрессионного перелома плато большеберцовой кости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6837-466X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8805-7130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupitman</surname><given-names>Mikhail E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купитман</surname><given-names>Михаил Ефимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>mihkup74@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-6897</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4789-9762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atmansky</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атманский</surname><given-names>Игорь Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>atmanskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-2138</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3034-3635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. тех. наук</p></bio><email>ignatovaav@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South Ural State University (National Research University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Национальный исследовательский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>626</fpage><lpage>635</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-11"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/640844">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/640844</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>Various biomechanical options are used in surgical practice to fix osteochondral fragments, including support on a bone graft reinforced with subchondral wires, osteosynthesis with forked fixators, and specialized plates with screws placed directly under the articular surface fragments. In the work, a method of subchondral tensioned reinforcement was utilized.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>The work aimed to evaluate and compare the fixation properties of different biomechanical osteosynthesis options for comminuted intra-articular fractures using porcine tibial bone models.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>An indented, single-center, non-blinded experimental study included two types of models that shared identical fracture configurations, bone defect parameters, and non-tensioned wire reinforcement: A, with the bone defect filled with a graft, and B, without a bone graft. The results of osteosynthesis in models A and B were examined: 1) plate osteosynthesis with support of the articular surface on a bone autograft, option A-I; 2) plate osteosynthesis with support of the articular surface on the plate’s fixing elements and the bone graft, option A-II; 3) plate osteosynthesis with fixation of articular surface fragments using U-shaped tensioned wires, option B-III; 4) osteosynthesis with fixation of the articular surface using tensioned subchondral wires in a modular plate-based fixation device, option B-IV. Testing was performed under static indentation on models from the proximal metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of porcine tibia.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>The best fixation properties were observed in the tensioned subchondral reinforcement options B-III and B-IV compared with non-tensioned wire reinforcement (model A). When comparing the four biomechanical options, the best strength characteristics were observed in the variants with tensioned subchondral reinforcement: B-III and B-IV. In the study of Option A-II, the resistance of the biomechanical system to vertical load was lower than in Options B-III and B-IV. The worst variants were observed in option A-I.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The most effective fixation was achieved with tensioned subchondral reinforcement using U-shaped wires (B-III) and a modular plate-based fixation device (B-IV) without the use of an additional bone graft.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold><bold> </bold>В хирургии применяются различные биомеханические варианты фиксации костно-хрящевых осколков: опора на костный трансплантат с армированием субхондральными спицами, остеосинтез вильчатыми фиксаторами и специализированными пластинами с проведением винтов сразу под осколками суставной поверхности. Авторами используется способ субхондрального напряжённого армирования.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold><bold> </bold>Оценить и сравнить фиксационные свойства различных биомеханических вариантов остеосинтеза оскольчатых внутрисуставных переломов на моделях из большеберцовой кости свиньи.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Проведено индентированное одноцентровое неослеплённое исследование. Объектом исследования являлись два типа моделей с одинаковыми переломами, параметрами костного дефекта и армированием ненапряжёнными спицами: А — с заполнением костного дефекта трансплантатом и В — без костного трансплантата. Исследованы результаты остеосинтеза моделей А и В: 1) остеосинтез накостной пластиной с опорой суставной поверхности на костный аутотрансплантат, вариант А-I; 2) остеосинтез накостной пластиной с опорой суставной поверхности на фиксирующие элементы накостной пластины и костный трансплантат, вариант А-II; 3) остеосинтез накостной пластиной с фиксацией осколков суставной поверхности П-образными напряжёнными спицами, вариант В-III; 4) остеосинтез с фиксацией суставной поверхности напряжёнными субхондральными спицами в модульном накостном фиксирующем устройстве, вариант В-IV. Исследования были проведены при статическом индентировании моделей из проксимального метаэпифиза большеберцовой кости свиньи.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>Авторами были отмечены лучшие фиксационные свойства вариантов напряжённого субхондрального армирования В-III и В-IV по сравнению с армированием ненапряжёнными спицами (модель А). При сравнении четырёх биомеханических вариантов наилучшие прочностные характеристики отмечены у вариантов с напряжённым субхондральным армированием — В-III и В-IV. При исследовании варианта А-II результаты сопротивления биомеханической системы вертикальной нагрузки были ниже, чем при вариантах В-III и В-IV. Наихудшие варианты отмечены при варианте А-I.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Авторами были сделаны выводы о наибольшей эффективности вариантов с напряжённым субхондральным армированием П-образными спицами (В-III) и с использованием модульного накостного фиксирующего устройства (В-IV) без дополнительной опоры на костный аутотрансплантат.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>subchondral tensioned reinforcement</kwd><kwd>plate osteosynthesis</kwd><kwd>bone graft</kwd><kwd>proximal metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of the porcine tibia</kwd><kwd>biomechanical testing</kwd><kwd>indentation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>субхондральное напряжённое армирование</kwd><kwd>накостный остеосинтез</kwd><kwd>костный имплантат</kwd><kwd>проксимальный метаэпифиз большеберцовой кости свиньи</kwd><kwd>биомеханические испытания</kwd><kwd>индентирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gilev МV, Volokitina ЕA, Antoniadi YV, Chernitcyn DN. 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