N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and OrthopedicsN.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and OrthopedicsВестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова0869-86782658-6738Eco-Vector64202210.17816/vto642022PDEFKTReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleSagittal morphology of the spine and its predictive role in the pathogenesis of degenerative conditions. Historical aspects and contemporary views on the problemСагиттальная морфология позвоночника и её предикторная роль в патогенезе дегенеративной патологии. Исторические аспекты и современный взгляд на проблемуhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-02314018-3890ShulgaАleksey Е.ШульгаАлексей Евгеньевич
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery

канд. мед. наук, Научно-исследовательский институт травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии

doc.shulga@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-83488280-3339UlyanovVladimir Yu.УльяновВладимир Юрьевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery

д-р мед. наук, доцент, Научно-исследовательский институт травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии

v.u.ulyanov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-52349973-1475RozhkovaYuliya Yu.РожковаЮлия Юрьевна
Russian Federation

Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery

Научно-исследовательский институт травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии

rozhkova280586@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-93987454-5759ShuvalovStanislav D.ШуваловСтанислав Дмитриевич
Russian Federation

Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery

Научно-исследовательский институт травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии

shuvalov.stan@yandex.ruFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского»24072025051020253236866971811202427062025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/642022

Bipedalism in humans is linked to the need for constant horizontal gaze maintenance and an ergonomic vertical posture. These physiological characteristics of Homo sapiens are made possible by three reciprocal sagittal curvatures of the spine, the profile configuration of which, as studies have shown, exhibits considerable variability in the population of healthy individuals. The issue of systematizing the sagittal morphology of the spinopelvic complex, considering its constitutional ambiguity, has been a subject of increasing attention among researchers since the mid-1970s. The classification proposed by Roussouly in 2005 can be considered the quintessence of the accumulated global experience. In addition to systematizing the profile configuration of the spine, the author placed significant emphasis on the biomechanical specificity of its morphotypes and their predictive role in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases. The problem of sagittal morphology variability and its morphotyping remains relevant to this day and is the subject of numerous scientific discussions. However, forming a comprehensive understanding of this issue is difficult due to the narrow focus of the conclusions and the lack of systematic works. The present review is analytical in nature and was conducted using medical scientific databases and search resources such as PubMed and eLibrary. The article explores the historical aspects of the formation of the concept of the spinopelvic complex morphotyping, as well as analyzes the predictive role of sagittal biomechanics of the spine in the pathogenesis of its degenerative condition.

Прямохождение человека связано с необходимостью постоянного поддержания горизонтального взгляда и эргономичной вертикальной позы. Данные физиологические особенности Homo sapiens возможны благодаря трём реципрокным сагиттальным искривлениям позвоночника, профильная конфигурация которых, как показали исследования, отличается большой вариативностью в популяции здоровых лиц. Проблема систематизации сагиттальной морфологии позвоночно-тазового комплекса, учитывая её конституциональную неоднозначность, становится предметом пристального внимания учёных с середины 1970-х годов. Квинтэссенцией накопленного мирового опыта можно считать классификацию P. Roussouly, предложенную в 2005 году. Помимо систематизации профильной конфигурации позвоночника, автор уделил существенное внимание биомеханической специфичности его морфотипов и их предикторной роли в патогенезе дегенеративных заболеваний. Проблема вариативности сагиттальной морфологии и её морфотипирования не утратила своей актуальности и до настоящего времени остаётся предметом многочисленных научных дискуссий. Тем не менее сформировать целостное представление о данной проблеме затруднительно ввиду узконаправленности выводов и отсутствия систематизирующих работ. Представленный обзор носит аналитический характер и проведён с использованием баз данных медицинской литературы и поисковых ресурсов PubMed и eLibrary. В статье изучаются исторические аспекты формирования концепции морфотипирования позвоночно-тазового комплекса, а также предметно анализируется предикторная роль сагиттальной биомеханики позвоночника в патогенезе его дегенеративной патологии.

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