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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646027</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto646027</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DOJHRZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment in children with preaxial polydactyly of the hand: a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отдалённые результаты хирургического лечения детей с преаксиальной полидактилией кисти: систематический обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-8517</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1039-1096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>makarov.alexandr97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-2070</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6953-3210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Proshchenko</surname><given-names>Yaroslav N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прощенко</surname><given-names>Ярослав Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>yar-2011@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-2097</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4627-3979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionova</surname><given-names>Kristina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионова</surname><given-names>Кристина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkn0306@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-13"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-04-02"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/646027">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/646027</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polydactyly is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary digits and represents the most common congenital malformation of the hand. Numerous operative approaches have been described, along with a broad spectrum of associated complications. The persistently high complication rate underscores the need for a detailed evaluation of this condition. This review aimed to assess long-term functional outcomes and identify effective surgical strategies for treating children with preaxial hand polydactyly by systematizing data on adverse outcomes. A scientific data search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary using the keywords, <italic>хирургическое лечение</italic> / <italic>surgery</italic>, and <italic>полидактилия</italic> / <italic>polydactyly </italic>for the period from 2000 to 2024. The following parameters were analyzed: number of patients, sex, age, affected limb, follow-up duration, operative technique, outcome assessment scale, presence of complications, and reoperations. A total of 38 publications met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dataset included 2752 patients: 1671 boys (60.7%) and 1081 girls (39.3%). The right hand was affected in 60% of cases (<italic>n</italic> = 1216), the left in 33% (<italic>n</italic> = 681), and both sides in 7% (<italic>n</italic> = 139). The total number of digits was 2949. A family history of polydactyly was reported in 4.4% of cases (<italic>n</italic> = 121). the dominant digit location was ulnar in 92% of cases (<italic>n</italic> = 1048), radial in 6% (<italic>n</italic> = 63), and in 2% (<italic>n</italic> = 24) both digits were equally developed. The mean age of patients at the time of treatment was 19.23 months. The mean follow-up duration was 70.9 months (5.91 years). According to the Wassel classification (1969), types IV (55%, <italic>n</italic> = 1201) and II (12%, <italic>n</italic> = 258) were most prevalent. Common surgical approaches included bony reconstruction (68%, <italic>n</italic> = 733) and simple phalangeal excision (15%, <italic>n</italic> = 165). The most frequently used outcome scales were the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand scale (34%) and the Tada score (20%). A total of 541 complications were reported (18.35% of digits). Additional corrective surgery was required in 7.36% of cases (<italic>n</italic> = 205), and among those with complications, in 38%. The analysis revealed a high frequency of suboptimal outcomes in children undergoing surgery for preaxial hand polydactyly. Bone-related complications were most frequently observed and led to reduced functional capacity of the thumb, highlighting the need for improved intraoperative and postoperative patient management strategies, as well as more refined preoperative planning.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Полидактилия — врождённое заболевание, характеризующееся увеличением количества пальцев, занимающее первое место по встречаемости среди врождённых аномалий кисти. Наряду со множеством оперативных подходов, широко варьирует спектр осложнений. Сохраняющаяся высокая частота осложнений создаёт необходимость детальной проработки проблемы. Цель работы — оценка отдалённых функциональных результатов и определение эффективного направления хирургического лечения при лечении детей с преаксиальной формой полидактилии кисти методом систематизации данных о негативных исходах. Поиск источников выполнялся в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary по ключевым словам «surgery», «polydactyly», «хирургическое лечение», «полидактилия» с 2000 по 2024 год. Производился анализ следующих данных: количество пациентов, их пол, возраст, затронутая конечность, период наблюдения, методика оперативного лечения, оценочная шкала результатов лечения, наличие осложнений, повторные вмешательства. По критериям включения / исключения отобрано 38 источников. Зарегистрированы 2752 пациента, из них мальчиков — 1671 (60,7%), девочек — 1081 (39,3%). Правая кисть затронута в 60% случаев (<italic>n</italic>=1216), левая — в 33% (<italic>n</italic>=681), в 7% (<italic>n</italic>=139) — с двух сторон. Всего пальцев — 2949. Семейный анамнез по полидактилии отмечался в 4,4% случаев (<italic>n</italic>=121). В 92% случаев (<italic>n</italic>=1048) доминирующий палец расположен ульнарно, в 6% (<italic>n</italic>=63) — радиально, в 2% случаев (<italic>n</italic>=24) пальцы развиты одинаково. Средний возраст пациентов на момент лечения — 19,23 месяца. Средний период наблюдения — 70,9 месяца (5,91 года). По классификации Wassel (1969 г.) наиболее часто отмечались IV (55%, <italic>n</italic>=1201) и II (12%, <italic>n</italic>=258) типы. Распространённые оперативные методики — костная реконструкция (68%, <italic>n</italic>=733) и простая резекция фаланг (15%, <italic>n</italic>=165). Популярные шкалы оценки результатов лечения — JSSH (34%) и TADA score (20%). Зафиксировано 541 осложнение (18,35% от количества пальцев). В 7,36% случаев (<italic>n</italic>=205) потребовалась дополнительная хирургическая коррекция, при осложнениях — в 38% случаев. Анализ данных выявил высокую частоту неудовлетворительных результатов при лечении детей с преаксиальной формой полидактилии кисти. Наиболее часто были диагностированы осложнения костного характера, приводящие к снижению функциональных возможностей первого пальца кисти и требующие совершенствования методики интра- и постоперативного подхода к лечению пациентов, а также предоперационного планирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polydactyly</kwd><kwd>radial</kwd><kwd>preaxial</kwd><kwd>hand</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>outcomes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полидактилия</kwd><kwd>радиальная</kwd><kwd>преаксиальная</kwd><kwd>кисть</kwd><kwd>хирургия</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>последствия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Castilla E, Paz J, Mutchinick O, et al. Polydactyly: a genetic study in South America. Am J Hum Genet. 1973;25(4):1–562.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Malik S, Ullah S, Afzal M, et al. 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