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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">653399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto653399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YPQAYA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of antibacterial surface modification of titanium screws on bacterial infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние модификации поверхности титановых винтов антибактериальными субстанциями на бактериальную инфекцию</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-2632</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3286-8502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Scriabin</surname><given-names>Andrei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Андрей Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. тех. наук</p></bio><email>terra107@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-8101</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1894-4707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakurov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакуров</surname><given-names>Алексей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р тех. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>shakurov@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-1232</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2814-7745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>Yuliya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. тех. наук</p></bio><email>lukina_rctu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-6794</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1192-3848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bionyshev-Abramov</surname><given-names>Leonid L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бионышев-Абрамов</surname><given-names>Леонид Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sity-x@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-1929</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3702-1955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolentsev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смоленцев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>SmolentsevDV@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-1552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2249-9762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serejnikova</surname><given-names>Natalia B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сережникова</surname><given-names>Наталья Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>natalia.serj@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-9891</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7496-0481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vesnin</surname><given-names>Vladimir R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веснин</surname><given-names>Владимир Романович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vesnin.volodya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1881-2822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skriabina</surname><given-names>Elizaveta S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябина</surname><given-names>Елизавета Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elzabra@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-9988</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5218-3083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>Petr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>Пётр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="CO">Colombia</country></address><email>piotrtsy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Industrial University of Santander</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Индустриальный университет Сантандера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>316</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-01"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-05-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/653399">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/653399</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>Postoperative infections, including osteomyelitis, remain a cause of numerous complications in traumatology and orthopedics. Despite available preventive strategies, bacterial contamination following implantation of titanium devices into bone defects may result in prolonged treatment, disability, and even mortality.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiotic immobilized on an anodized titanium implant surface in suppressing peri-implant bacterial infection.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>A pilot single-center prospective study was conducted (study subjects: sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g and aged 4–6 months). The study was comparative and experimental, with the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data at a single time point. Six titanium screws without surface modification and six screws with surface modification were provided for testing by consecutive sampling. The implantation period was 14 days. The overall study duration was 2 months. A porous anodized coating loaded with gentamicin was prepared on the titanium screw surface. Screws were implanted into the tibia of Wistar rats with simultaneous inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into the medullary canal. Histological and microcomputed-tomography (CT) analyses were performed to assess treatment efficacy.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> In the control group, pronounced signs of bacterial bone infection were identified histologically and on CT images, characterized by greater bone rarefaction at the bone–implant interface. Reduced bone density was observed in the contact region between the implant and animal bone, with osteolytic zones predominantly on the implant side facing the proximal fragment. The defect margins were indistinct, and no tight bone–implant contact was detected. With the implemented surface modification of the implants, signs of bone rarefaction were less pronounced. Histological examination revealed newly formed bone tissue, in some cases closely apposed to the implanted screw. The area of newly formed bone was 39,311.4 ± 16,637.3 μm<sup>2</sup> in the control group and 25,091.6 ± 16,834.7 μm<sup>2</sup> in the experimental group, indicating no significant difference in osteogenesis (<italic>p</italic> = 0.216 &gt; 0.05). No significant radiological signs of active inflammation or other pathological reactions at the bone–implant interface were observed in the experimental samples.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The applied method of implant surface preparation with subsequent gentamicin loading demonstrated effectiveness in suppressing bacterial infection and reducing osteolysis in an <italic>in vivo</italic> model. The use of antibacterial agents did not exert a significant negative effect on osseointegration and was associated with more rapid maturation of newly formed bone tissue. The study results are useful for assessing future directions and identifying potential approaches to manage postoperative infectious complications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Послеоперационные инфекционные заражения, например остеомиелит, являются причиной многочисленных видов осложнений в травматологии и ортопедии. Несмотря на наличие методов профилактики, бактериальные поражения после имплантации титановых конструкций в костные дефекты могут приводить к длительному лечению, инвалидности и даже к летальному исходу.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценка эффективности иммобилизованного антибиотика на анодированной поверхности титанового имплантата для подавления периимплантной бактериальной инфекции.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено пилотное одноцентровое проспективное исследование (объект — половозрелые самцы крыс линии Wistar весом 250–300 г. в возрасте от 4 до 6 месяцев). Исследование являлось сравнительным, экспериментальным, с получением количественных и качественных данных при одномоментном отслеживании. На испытание предоставлены при сплошной выборке 6 титановых винтов без модификации поверхности и 6 — с модификацией поверхности. Период имплантации составил 14 суток. Исследование продолжалось 2 месяца. На поверхности титанового винта методом анодирования подготовлено пористое покрытие, насыщенное антибиотиком гентамицином. Имплантация проведена в большеберцовую кость крыс линии Wistar с одновременной инокуляцией золотистого стафилококка в костномозговой канал. Для оценки эффективности применены гистологические и микро-КТ исследования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В контрольной группе обнаружены выраженные признаки бактериального поражения костной ткани, что выражалось в гистологических препаратах, а также на КТ-кадрах вследствие большей степени разрежения костной ткани на интерфейсе «кость / имплантат». Так, были отмечены признаки снижения плотности ткани в области контакта имплантированной структуры и кости животного, зоны разрежения кости наблюдались по стороне имплантата, обращённой к проксимальному фрагменту. Края дефекта были размыты, плотный контакт кости с имплантатом не зафиксирован. С применением реализованной обработки поверхности имплантатов признаки разрежения костной ткани были менее выражены. В гистологических образцах наблюдается костный регенерат, в отдельных случаях вплотную прилегающий к имплантированному винту. Площадь новообразованной кости в контрольной группе составляла 39311,4 ± 16637,3 мкм<sup>2</sup>, в опытной группе — 25091,6 ± 16834,7 мкм<sup>2</sup>, что свидетельствует о статистически незначимом различии в эффективности остеогенеза (<italic>p</italic> = 0,216 &gt; 0,05). Значительных рентгенологических признаков активного воспаления и иных патологических реакций в области интерфейса «кость / имплантат» в опытных образцах обнаружено не было.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Установлено, что использованный метод подготовки поверхности имплантата с последующим насыщением поверхности гентамицином на <italic>in vivo</italic> модели способствует подавлению бактериальной инфекции и уменьшению остеолизиса. Использование антибактериальных препаратов не оказало статистически значимого негативного влияния на остеоинтеграцию, при этом наблюдалось более быстрое созревание новообразованной костной ткани. Результаты исследования полезны для оценки перспектив и поиска возможностей для борьбы с постоперационными инфекционными осложнениями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>titanium implants</kwd><kwd>gentamicin</kwd><kwd>anodization</kwd><kwd>laboratory animal implantation</kwd><kwd>microcomputed tomography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>титановые имплантаты</kwd><kwd>гентамицин</kwd><kwd>анодирование</kwd><kwd>имплантация лабораторным животным</kwd><kwd>микрокомпьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-79-10190</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (No. 20-79-10190)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 20-79-10190</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kremers HM, Nwojo ME, Ransom JE, et al. 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