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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">655530</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto655530</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DAPUVH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comorbidity in the context of medical rehabilitation in patients after total arthroplasty of major lower limb joints</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Коморбидность в контексте медицинской реабилитации у пациентов после эндопротезирования крупных суставов нижних конечностей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-6018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4950-2424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoziainova</surname><given-names>Stella S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хозяинова</surname><given-names>Стелла Самвеловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>o.v.kustova.med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1408-7492</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8912-4449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kustova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кустова</surname><given-names>Оксана Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>o.v.kustova.med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-4473</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8234-7005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>Gennady N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>ponomarenko_g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-3295</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7805-2703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhotkina</surname><given-names>Nina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махоткина</surname><given-names>Нина Нугзаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>mahotkinanina1@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Albreсht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Mediсal and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-образовательный центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации им. Г.А. Альбрехта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>636</fpage><lpage>643</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-30"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/655530">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/655530</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold> </bold>The effectiveness of restoring motor activity after total arthroplasty of major lower limb joints (TAMLJ) is determined by baseline physical activity, demographic characteristics, body mass index, comorbidities, and the presence of chronic pain.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>To assess the impact of comorbid conditions on the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation in patients after TAMLJ and to substantiate optimal approaches to restorative treatment.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>A prospective cohort study involving 120 patients aged 55–70 years was conducted. Four groups were formed: control (without comorbidity), with hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and overweight (OW). The rehabilitation program included individualized therapeutic exercise, mechanotherapy, physiotherapy, and locomotor correction using the HP Cosmos robotic system. Its effectiveness was evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), WOMAC score, Lequesne index, Harris Hip Score, goniometry, and biomechanical gait analysis.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><bold> </bold>All groups demonstrated positive trends, though the degree of improvement depended on the presence and type of comorbidity. The most pronounced results were observed in the control group: VAS decreased from 5.56 ± 0.82 to 1.21 ± 0.07; flexion angle improved from 122.06 ± 3.39° to 95.58 ± 1.27°; Lequesne index decreased from 14.42 ± 0.33 to 7.24 ± 0.16; Harris Hip Score improved from 47.90 ± 1.55 to 79.92 ± 0.75; WOMAC score improved from 48.36 ± 1.54 to 13.42 ± 1.04. In patients with HT, DM, and OW, the trends were less pronounced: pain reduction was from 5.62 ± 0.95 to 1.45 ± 0.09, from 5.89 ± 0.98 to 1.68 ± 0.11, and from 5.93 ± 1.01 to 1.89 ± 0.12 points, respectively. The smallest functional gain was observed in OW patients (WOMAC: 48.33 ± 1.53 to 24.74 ± 3.47).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>The presence of comorbid conditions slows functional recovery after TAMLJ. The implementation of robotic mechanotherapy into early postoperative rehabilitation improves its effectiveness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold><bold> </bold>Эффективность восстановления двигательной активности после тотального эндопротезирования крупных суставов нижних конечностей (ТЭКСНК) определяется исходным уровнем физической активности, демографическими характеристиками, индексом массы тела, сопутствующими заболеваниями и наличием хронической боли.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold><bold> </bold>Оценить влияние коморбидной патологии на эффективность медицинской реабилитации пациентов после ТЭКСНК и обосновать оптимальные подходы к восстановительному лечению.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Проведено проспективное когортное исследование с участием 120 пациентов 55–70 лет. Сформированы четыре группы: контрольная (без коморбидности), с гипертонической болезнью (ГБ), сахарным диабетом (СД) и избыточной массой тела (ИзМТ). Реабилитация включала индивидуальные занятия лечебной физкультурой, механотерапию, физиотерапевтическое лечение, локомоторную коррекцию на роботизированном комплексе HP cosmos. Эффективность оценивалась по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ), шкале WOMAC, индексу Лекена, индексу Харриса, данным гониометрии и биомеханического анализа походки.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>Во всех группах отмечена положительная динамика, однако степень улучшения зависела от наличия и характера коморбидности. Наиболее выраженные результаты получены в контрольной группе: показатель ВАШ снизился с 5,56±0,82 до 1,21±0,07 балла; угол сгибания — с 122,06±3,39 до 95,58±1,27 градуса; индекс Лекена — с 14,42±0,33 до 7,24±0,16; индекс Харриса — с 47,90±1,55 до 79,92±0,75; WOMAC — с 48,36±1,54 до 13,42±1,04 балла. У пациентов с ГБ, СД и ИзМТ динамика была менее выраженной: снижение боли составило с 5,62±0,95 до 1,45±0,09; с 5,89±0,98 до 1,68±0,11; с 5,93±1,01 до 1,89±0,12 балла соответственно. Наименьший функциональный прирост отмечен при ИзМТ (WOMAC — с 48,33±1,53 до 24,74±3,47 балла).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Наличие коморбидных состояний замедляет темпы функционального восстановления после ТЭКСНК. Внедрение роботизированной механотерапии в раннюю послеоперационную реабилитацию повышает её результативность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гипертоническая болезнь</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bubnova MG, Aronov DM, Boytsov SA. Methodic recommendations Maintaining physical activity of those with limitations in health. CardioSomatics. 2016;7(1):5–50. doi: 10.26442/CS45189 EDN: VXCWTH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ratmanov MA, Benyan AS, Kuznetsova TV, et al. 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