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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">657504</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto657504</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HFLEXU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of elastic intramedullary reinforcement in lower limb lengthening</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль эластичного интрамедуллярного армирования при удлинении нижних конечностей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6719-0959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tropin</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тропин</surname><given-names>Денис Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i@tropin-1.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2981-7722</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2949-6153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomov</surname><given-names>Akhmed D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томов</surname><given-names>Ахмед Даутович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>doc0645@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3428-3742</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1412-5077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdev</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздев</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>nikitozgvozdev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-867X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6387-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Арнольдович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН</p></bio><email>dpopkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>279</fpage><lpage>290</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-05-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/657504">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/657504</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Lower limb lengthening using external fixation devices combined with elastic intramedullary reinforcement offers several advantages over the classical approach. This technique excludes injury to the growth plates in children; the elasticity of intramedullary rods does not contradict the principle of gradual distraction, thereby ensuring high precision of limb reconstruction; and after removal of the external fixation device, elastic rods retained within the medullary canal enhance the mechanical strength of the lengthened bone.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lower limb lengthening outcomes in patients with congenital limb shortening treated using combined techniques, depending on the type of elastic intramedullary rods used: titanium rods with composite calcium phosphate coating versus uncoated rods.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The study included 65 patients with a mean age of 12.6 years (5–22 years). Femoral lengthening was performed in 19 patients, monofocal tibial lengthening in 30 patients, and bifocal tibial lengthening in 16 patients. Treatment was carried out at the Ilizarov National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics between 2017 and 2020. Only patients with congenital limb shortening were included in the analysis. Treatment outcomes were assessed 12 months after removal of the external fixation device.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Three patient groups were formed according to the type of lengthening performed: monofocal femoral lengthening, monofocal tibial lengthening, and bifocal tibial lengthening. Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant combined effect of rod type (<italic>p</italic> = 0.036) and patient age (<italic>p</italic> = 0.038) on the external fixation index in bifocal tibial lengthening. For the first time, the absence of a significant effect of hydroxyapatite coating on the external fixation index was demonstrated between the compared groups during limb lengthening performed using titanium intramedullary rods either with or without hydroxyapatite coating. Three cases of deformity or fracture at the lengthening site required unplanned surgical intervention, as well as one case of fracture of the regenerate bone at the junction of intramedullary rods.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>In congenital lower limb shortening not associated with pathological bone formation, there was no difference in external fixation index between groups treated with titanium elastic intramedullary rods and those treated with hydroxyapatite-coated rods. The diameter of the intramedullary rods is a key factor in preventing fractures and deformities following limb lengthening.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Удлинение нижних конечностей аппаратами внешней фиксации в сочетании с интрамедуллярным эластичным армированием имеет преимущества перед классическим подходом: оно исключает повреждение зон роста у детей; эластичность интрамедуллярных стержней не противоречит принципу дозированной коррекции деформации, что обеспечивает высокую точность реконструкции конечностей; после демонтажа аппарата внешней фиксации эластичные стержни, оставленные в костномозговом канале, повышают прочностные свойства удлинённой кости.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценка эффективности результатов удлинения нижних конечностей при врождённых формах укорочения комбинированными методиками в зависимости от использованных типов эластичных интрамедуллярных стержней — титановых с композитным кальций-фосфатным покрытием и стержней без покрытия.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>В исследование были включены 65 пациентов, средний возраст которых составил 12,6 года (от 5 до 22 лет). У 19 пациентов производилось удлинение бедра, у 30 — монолокальное удлинение голени, и в 16 случаях — бифокальное удлинение голени. Лечение проводилось в Федеральном центре травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.А. Илизарова в период с 2017 по 2020 г. Анализировались результаты лечения пациентов только с врождёнными укорочениями. Анализ исходов удлинения проводился через 12 месяцев после демонтажа аппарата внешней фиксации.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Были сформированы три группы пациентов в зависимости от варианта удлинения: монолокальное удлинение бедра, монолокальное удлинение голени, билокальное удлинение голени. Двусторонний дисперсионный анализ выявил значимое одновременное влияние типа стержней (<italic>p</italic> = 0,036) и возраста (<italic>p</italic> = 0,038) на индекс внешней фиксации при билокальном удлинении голени. Впервые было выявлено отсутствие статистически значимого влияния гидроксиапатитного покрытия на индекс внешней фиксации между сравниваемыми группами при удлинении с применением титановых интрамедуллярных стержней либо стержней с гидроксиапатитным покрытием. Отмечено три случая деформации или перелома на уровне удлинения, что потребовало выполнения незапланированной операции, а также один случай перелома новообразованной кости по границе интрамедуллярных стержней.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>При врождённых укорочениях нижних конечностей, которые не сопровождаются формированием патологической костной ткани, индекс внешней фиксации не различается между группами, где применялись титановые эластичные интрамедуллярные стержни или стержни с гидроксиапатитным покрытием. Важным фактором профилактики переломов и деформаций после удлинения является диаметр интрамедуллярных стержней.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>limb lengthening</kwd><kwd>elastic intramedullary reinforcement</kwd><kwd>hydroxyapatite</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>удлинение конечностей</kwd><kwd>эластичное интрамедуллярное армирование</kwd><kwd>гидроксиапатит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kalamchi A, Cowell HR, Kim KI. Congenital deficiency of the femur. J Pediatr Orthop. 1985;5(2):129–134.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Pappas AM. Congenital abnormalities of the femur and related lower extremity malformations: classification and treatment. 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