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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678225</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto678225</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EBGQBN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Histomorphometric study of the tibialis anterior muscle and peroneal nerve in rats after experimental compression injury</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гистоморфометрическое исследование передней большеберцовой мышцы и малоберцового нерва крыс после моделирования компрессионной травмы в эксперименте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-2045</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1974-8274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varsegova</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варсегова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>varstn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-8908</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4698-3378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononovich</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононович</surname><given-names>Наталья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Veterinary)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук</p></bio><email>n.a.kononovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-8571</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9345-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stogov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стогов</surname><given-names>Максим Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>stogo_off@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician G.A. Ilizarov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician G.A. Ilizarov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>376</fpage><lpage>385</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-05-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/678225">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/678225</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The international scientific data lacks comprehensive pathomorphological studies evaluating both muscles and nerves in a compression model of muscle injury.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This study aimed to assess histopathological changes in the tibialis anterior muscle and peroneal nerve of rats after standardized experimental compression of the lower leg resulting in the formation of a compression groove (closed partial crush injury).</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>An interventional (experimental), single-center, prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted. Compression syndrome of the right upper third of the lower leg was modeled in 24 male Wistar rats by complete clamping with a surgical forceps for 60 seconds. Animals were euthanized on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 postoperatively. Histomorphometric analysis was performed using the VideoTesT Master-Morphology 4.0 software on digital images of paraffin-embedded muscle sections (5 μm) and semithin nerve sections (1 μm). The control group consisted of 10 intact male rats.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>At days 7, 14, and 21, the numerical density of muscle fibers per 1 mm<sup>2</sup> was threefold higher than in controls (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001); at day 28, it slightly decreased but remained 2.5-fold higher than control values (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Muscle fiber diameters were reduced 2.5-fold at day 7 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), 1.7-fold at days 14 and 21 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and 1.6-fold at the end of the experiment (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). The numerical density of endomysial microvessels and intramuscular nuclei exceeded control values by 2.2-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.005) and 2.7-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.00005) at day 21, and by 1.8-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0007) and 2.4-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.008) at day 28, respectively. The vascularization index remained decreased throughout the experiment, indicating insufficient muscle perfusion. In the peroneal nerve, reductions in the diameters of myelinated fibers, their axons, and myelin sheath thickness were 23% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.012), 22% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.00005), and 23% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0002) at day 7, and 11% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.000001), 15% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.00003), and 4% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0005) at day 14, respectively. At later time points, no significant differences were detected; however, the distribution of fiber diameters remained unimodal (normally bimodal). The muscle and nerve structure damage and impaired perfusion observed in this injury model provide a suitable experimental platform for testing cellular, biological, and pharmacological agents aimed at restoring muscle volume and function.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>The findings suggest that the development of novel therapeutic strategies for compression-type muscle injury should target not only myogenesis but also angiogenesis and neurogenesis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>В мировой литературе отсутствуют данные о комплексных патоморфологических исследованиях мышц и нервов при компрессионной модели мышечной травмы.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценка патогистологических изменений передней большеберцовой мышцы и малоберцового нерва крыс после экспериментального стандартизированного сдавления голени с формированием компрессионной борозды (закрытого частичного раздавливания).</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Выполнено интервенционное (экспериментальное) одноцентровое проспективное выборочное контролируемое рандомизированное двойное слепое исследование. Двадцати четырём самцам крыс линии Вистар моделировали синдром сдавления правой голени в верхней трети её полным пережатием корнцангом в течение 60 секунд. Животных выводили из эксперимента через 7, 14, 21 и 28 суток после операции. Гистоморфометрические исследования с использованием программы «ВидеоТесТ Мастер-Морфология 4.0» проводили в цифровых изображениях парафиновых срезов (5 мкм) мышц и полутонких срезах (1 мкм) нервов. Контроль — 10 интактных крыс-самцов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Через 7, 14 и 21 сутки численная плотность мышечных волокон в 1 мм<sup>2</sup> площади была в 3 раза выше контрольных значений (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001), через 28 суток немного снижалась, но оставалась выше контроля в 2,5 раза (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001). Диаметры мышечных волокон через 7 суток были уменьшены в 2,5 раза (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001), через 14 и 21 сутки — в 1,7 раза (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001), к концу опыта — в 1,6 раза (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001). Значения численной плотности микрососудов эндомизия и внутримышечных ядер через 21 сутки превышали контроль в 2,2 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,005) и 2,7 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,00005) раза, а через 28 суток — в 1,8 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0007) и 2,4 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,008) раза соответственно. Индекс васкуляризации был снижен в течение опыта, что указывает на недостаточное кровоснабжение мышцы. В малоберцовом нерве выявлено снижение диаметров миелиновых волокон, их аксонов и толщины миелиновых оболочек через 7 суток на 23% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,012), 22% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,00005) и 23% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0002), через 14 суток — на 11% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,000001), 15% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,00003) и 4% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0005) соответственно. В остальные сроки статистически значимые различия отсутствовали, но распределение волокон по диаметрам оставалось унимодальным (в норме — бимодальное). Выявленное при данной модели травмы повреждение мышечных, нервных структур и нарушение их кровоснабжения обеспечивает идеальную платформу тестирования клеточных, биологических и фармакологических агентов для восстановления объёма и функции мышц.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод, что разработка новых терапевтических стратегий при мышечной травме компрессионного типа должна быть направлена на стимуляцию не только миогенеза, но и ангио- и нейрогенеза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rat</kwd><kwd>tibialis anterior muscle</kwd><kwd>peroneal nerve</kwd><kwd>histomorphometry</kwd><kwd>compression injury of the lower leg</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крыса</kwd><kwd>передняя большеберцовая мышца</kwd><kwd>малоберцовый нерв</kwd><kwd>гистоморфометрия</kwd><kwd>компрессионная травма голени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation under the state assignment of the National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician G.A. Ilizarov for the implementation of a research project for 2024–2026</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана программой МЗ РФ в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» для выполнения НИР на 2024–2026 гг.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Yadava RS, Mandal M, Mahadevan MS. Studying the Effect of MBNL1 and MBNL2 Loss in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;26;25(5):2687. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052687</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Forcina L, Cosentino M, Musarò A. Mechanisms Regulating Muscle Regeneration: Insights into the Interrelated and Time-Dependent Phases of Tissue Healing. 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