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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683973</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto683973</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NMIRYE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the effectiveness of local cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty in the early postoperative period: a randomized controlled trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности локальной криотерапии после эндопротезирования коленного сустава в раннем послеоперационном периоде: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3861</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2087-7909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>Dmitry I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dmitry.kazantsev@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-9725</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8324-2383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ochkurenko</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Очкуренко</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Рrofessor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>cito@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-4421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8723-7499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peleganchuk</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пелеганчук</surname><given-names>Владимир Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Рrofessor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>297501@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-1480</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1913-7018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batrak</surname><given-names>Yuri M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батрак</surname><given-names>Юрий Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>297501@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-04-02"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/683973">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/683973</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Despite the growing number of publications reporting the effectiveness of local cryotherapy in reducing pain, edema, and improving function after total knee arthroplasty, data from systematic reviews remain contradictory due to the high heterogeneity of applied techniques. This creates a need for standardization of local cryotherapy protocols and for high-quality studies to evaluate their effectiveness in the early postoperative period.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized local cryotherapy protocol based on achieving and maintaining a skin temperature of 10–15 °C for 30 minutes in the early postoperative period after total knee arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>It was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients aged 50–70 years with grade III gonarthrosis underwent total knee arthroplasty and were then randomly divided in two groups: intervention group (local cryotherapy) or the control group (no cooling). Cryotherapy included the application of a hypothermic device with ice for 60 minutes, with replacement of ice packs every 6 hours for 72 hours. Assessments included skin temperature, pain (according to the visual analog scale), opioid requirement, trends of edema progression, range of motion, blood loss, and time to meeting discharge criteria.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The study included 63 participants, of whom 60 completed the study: <italic>n </italic>= 30 in the intervention group and <italic>n </italic>= 30 in the control group. The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in pain (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.004) and opioid requirement (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.006), lower blood loss (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.015), greater active (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.017) and passive (<italic>p &lt; </italic>0.018) range of motion. Patients in the intervention group achieved discharge criteria earlier—by 72 hours (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.037). No intergroup differences in the trends of edema progression were identified (<italic>p </italic>&gt; 0.458). During cryotherapy, all patients in the intervention group maintained skin temperature exposure within 10–15 °C for 30 ± 4 minutes.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The standardized protocol based on achieving and maintaining skin temperature within the range of 10–15 °C for 30 minutes per application significantly reduces pain intensity, decreases opioid requirement, reduces blood loss, improves joint range of motion, and accelerates achievement of discharge criteria. The use of a temperature parameter (10–15 °C on the skin) as a target indicator of treatment effectiveness ensures reproducibility and standardization of the cryotherapy technique. Further studies are required to optimize cryotherapy parameters and to perform comparative analysis with other physical cooling methods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Несмотря на растущее количество публикаций, сообщающих об эффективности локальной криотерапии в уменьшении боли, отёка и улучшении функции после эндопротезирования коленного сустава, данные систематических обзоров остаются противоречивыми из-за высокой гетерогенности применяемых методик. Это создаёт потребность в стандартизации протокола локальной криотерапии и проведении высококачественных исследований для оценки его эффективности в раннем послеоперационном периоде.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить эффективность применения стандартизированного протокола локальной криотерапии, основанного на достижении и поддержании температуры кожных покровов 10–15 °C в течение 30 минут, в раннем послеоперационном периоде после тотального эндопротезирования коленного сустава.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое исследование. Пациентам в возрасте 50–70 лет с гонартрозом III степени проводили тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава, затем их рандомно разделяли на две группы: группу вмешательства (локальная криотерапия) и группу контроля (без охлаждения). Криотерапия включала наложение гипотермического устройства со льдом на 60 минут со сменой пакетов со льдом каждые 6 часов в течение 72 часов. Проводили оценку температуры кожных покровов, болевого синдрома (по визуальной аналоговой шкале), потребности в опиоидах, динамики нарастания отёка, объёма движений, кровопотери и сроков достижения критериев выписки.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В исследование включены 63 участника, из них 60 завершили исследование — группа вмешательства (<italic>n</italic>=30) и группа контроля (<italic>n</italic>=30). В группе вмешательства зафиксированы значимое снижение болевого синдрома (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,004) и потребности в опиоидах (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,006), меньший объём кровопотери (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,015), больший объём активных (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,017) и пассивных (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,018) движений. Пациенты группы вмешательства раньше достигали критериев выписки — к 72 часам (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,037). Различий в динамике нарастания отёка между группами не выявлено (<italic>p</italic> &gt;0,458). Во время проведения криотерапии у всех пациентов в группе вмешательства экспозиция температуры кожных покров 10–15 ℃ составила 30±4 минуты.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Стандартизированный протокол, основанный на достижении и поддержании температуры кожных покровов в диапазоне 10–15 °C в течение 30 минут за одну аппликацию, значимо снижает интенсивность болевого синдрома, уменьшает потребность в опиоидах, сокращает объём кровопотери, улучшает объём движений в суставе и ускоряет достижение критериев выписки. Использование температурного параметра (10–15 °C на коже) в качестве целевого индикатора эффективности воздействия обеспечивает воспроизводимость и стандартизацию методики криотерапии. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы для оптимизации параметров криотерапии и сравнительного анализа с другими методами физического охлаждения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>local cryotherapy</kwd><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>enhanced recovery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локальная криотерапия</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>ускоренное восстановление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Levy AS, Marmar E. The role of cold compression dressings in the postoperative treatment of total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;(297):174–178. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199312000-00026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Morsi E. Continuous-flow cold therapy after total knee arthroplasty. 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