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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689174</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto689174</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IYIWXZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Decision support system for the treatment of surgical site infections in trauma and orthopedic patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Система поддержки принятия решений по лечению инфекции области хирургического вмешательства у пациентов травматолого-ортопедического профиля</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-2887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1402-5186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>Anton G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Антон Герасимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>NazarenkoAG@cito.priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-6195</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2037-7164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleimenova</surname><given-names>Elena B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клеймёнова</surname><given-names>Елена Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Рrofessor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>KleymenovaEB@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8100-4079</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9916-5815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobur</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собур</surname><given-names>Наталья Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nisoburm.d@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-282X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2312-1002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsiskarashvili</surname><given-names>Archil V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цискарашвили</surname><given-names>Арчил Важаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>TsiskarashviliAV@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-2928</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8710-6504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dronov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дронов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mikhail.dronov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-7263</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8357-5770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Otdelenov</surname><given-names>Vitaly A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отделёнов</surname><given-names>Виталий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Сand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>vitotd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2350-7201</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4933-9999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченкова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>YurchenkovaES@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1357-0056</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1910-0484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashina</surname><given-names>Liubov P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшина</surname><given-names>Любовь Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>YashinaLP@cito-priorov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>789</fpage><lpage>798</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-19"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/689174">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/689174</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Despite the availability of clinical guidelines for managing patients with surgical site infections, data on the adherence of real clinical practice to these protocols in Russian hospitals remain limited. Data on how noncompliance with clinical guidelines influences outcomes in patients with surgical site infections are also limited.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This study aimed to develop a clinical decision support system for personalized selection of surgical strategies and antibiotic therapy in surgical site infections, and to evaluate adherence of the provided therapy to clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infections in trauma and orthopedic practice.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><bold> </bold>It was a single-center retrospective continuous uncontrolled observational study of data from patients hospitalized at the N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of Russia, between January 2024 and May 2025. Eligible patients had clinical signs of postoperative wound inflammation, fever (body temperature &gt; 37.5 °C) persisting for three or more days after surgery, a positive wound culture, or a consultation with a clinical pharmacologist regarding antibiotic therapy. The study endpoints included compliance of surgical strategy and antibiotic therapy with clinical guidelines (choice of drug, dosage, and duration). Adherence to therapy was assessed by comparing prescriptions with approved surgical site infection treatment protocols using the clinical decision support system. Compliance with guidelines was analyzed in the overall cohort as well as in subgroups of acute and chronic infection.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><bold> </bold>The study included 90 patients, of whom 84 met surgical site infection criteria (31 with acute and 53 with chronic surgical site infections). Full adherence to clinical guidelines was observed in 20 cases (24%) (13 acute, 7 chronic). In 25 cases (30%), the choice of antimicrobial agent did not comply with the recommended one; in 7 cases (8%), the drug was appropriate, but the regimen did not comply with dosing recommendations. In 58 cases (64%), the duration of antibiotic therapy was shorter than recommended, with 16 patients (28%) not receiving antibiotics at the outpatient stage. Patients with chronic infections were significantly more likely to have insufficient antibiotic therapy duration (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) and inappropriate drug choice (<italic>p</italic> = 0.036) compared with those with acute infection. Microbiological cultures were obtained from 82 patients, of whom 33% were already receiving antibiotic therapy at the time of sampling.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>In a trauma and orthopedic hospital setting, there is a clear need for clinical decision support systems based on clinical guidelines, seamlessly integrated into clinicians’ workflow, particularly regarding antibiotic therapy strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Несмотря на наличие клинических рекомендаций по ведению пациентов с инфекциями области хирургического вмешательства (ИОХВ), данные о соответствии реальной практики этим протоколам в условиях российских стационаров ограничены. Также недостаточно данных о том, как несоответствие клиническим рекомендациям влияет на исходы у пациентов с ИОХВ.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Разработка системы поддержки принятия врачебных решений (СППВР) по персонализированному выбору тактики хирургического лечения и антибактериальной терапии ИОХВ и оценка соответствия проводимой терапии клиническим рекомендациям по диагностике и лечению ИОХВ в травматологии и ортопедии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведено одноцентровое ретроспективное сплошное неконтролируемое наблюдательное исследование<bold> </bold>по анализу данных пациентов, госпитализированных в ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТО им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава России с января 2024 по май 2025 г. и имевших клинические признаки воспаления в зоне хирургического вмешательства, с лихорадкой (температура тела &gt; 37,5 °C) в течение трёх и более дней после операции, положительным результатом бактериологического посева из раны или наличием консультации клинического фармаколога по вопросам антибактериальной терапии (АБТ). Целевыми показателями исследования являлись соответствие хирургической тактики и АБТ клиническим рекомендациям (по выбору препарата, дозировке и длительности). Оценка соответствия терапии проводилась на основе сопоставления назначений с утверждёнными протоколами лечения ИОХВ при помощи СППВР. Соблюдение клинических рекомендаций проанализировано в общей группе, а также в подгруппах острой и хронической инфекции.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование вошли 90 пациентов, среди которых критериям ИОХВ соответствовали 84 человека (31 с острой и 53 с хронической ИОХВ). Проведённое лечение полностью соответствовало клиническим рекомендациям в 20 (24%) случаях (13 случаев — острая инфекция, 7 — хроническая). В 25 (30%) случаях выбор антимикробного препарата не соответствовал рекомендованному, в 7 (8%) препарат был выбран верно, но не соответствовал режим дозирования. В 58 случаях (64%) длительность антибактериальной терапии была меньше рекомендованной, из них 16 (28%) пациентам не назначены антибиотики на амбулаторном этапе. У пациентов с хронической инфекцией значимо чаще отмечались недостаточная длительность АБТ (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,0001) и назначение несоответствующего препарата (<italic>p</italic> = 0,036) по сравнению с лицами с острой инфекцией. Забор материала для микробиологического исследования произведён 82 пациентам, из них в 33% случаев — на фоне АБТ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В условиях травматолого-ортопедического стационара выявлена высокая потребность в СППВР, основанных на клинических рекомендациях, «бесшовно» интегрированных в рабочий процесс клиницистов, особенно в отношении стратегии применения АБТ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>surgical site infection</kwd><kwd>clinical decision support systems</kwd><kwd>clinical guidelines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекции области хирургического вмешательства</kwd><kwd>системы поддержки принятия врачебных решений</kwd><kwd>клинические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-14-00310</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Royle R, Gillespie BM, Chaboyer W, et al. 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