<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8678</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6738</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693687</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/vto693687</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YAVEVC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries and disorders in athletes of the national teams of the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические факторы риска травм и заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата у спортсменов сборных команд Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-9761</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8111-9694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zholinsky</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жолинский</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ZholinskiiAV@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-6194</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8764-6577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadykova</surname><given-names>Anastasia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадыкова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>KadykovaAI@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5676</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1852-6469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladyshev</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладышев</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>GladyshevNS@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9927-5608</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1118-4358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopylov</surname><given-names>Evgeny D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылов</surname><given-names>Евгений Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>KopylovED@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7663</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3183-5900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamchur</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамчур</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>AMamchur@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4549-7470</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5312-2786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>Михаил Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>MTerekhov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-1112</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3887-1351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashechkin</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашечкин</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Aivashechkin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7070-5636</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6556-2310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Михаил Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>MIvanov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-4384</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8513-0512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashtanova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каштанова</surname><given-names>Дарья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>DKashtanova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6258</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7592-9020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>VYudin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-983X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7178-5020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кескинов</surname><given-names>Антон Артурович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. эконом. наук, канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Keskinov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9706-5936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>examlpe@address.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-280X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7825-2105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsova</surname><given-names>Veronika I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцова</surname><given-names>Вероника Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>Skvortsova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-3841</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2957-1687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>Роман Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DeevRV@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Center of Sports Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр спортивной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>843</fpage><lpage>858</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-17"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-27"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/693687">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/693687</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>A high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders is a major challenge in elite sports. Although the contribution of genetic factors to individual risk is well recognized, the spectrum and frequency of associated genetic variants in a key population—athletes representing national teams of the Russian Federation—remain insufficiently studied, which limits the development of personalized preventive approaches. This work aimed to fill this knowledge gap.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The work aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of gene variants associated with the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders among athletes of the Russian national teams.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in athletes of national teams of the Russian Federation aged 18–40 years who provided written informed consent and underwent comprehensive medical examination (CME) in accordance with established procedures. The exclusion criterion was the absence of signed informed consent or incomplete CME data. Study groups were formed based on CME findings: the case group included athletes with a history of at least one musculoskeletal injury or disorder, whereas the control group comprised athletes without any documented musculoskeletal condition. The study was performed at the National Center for Sports Medicine (NCSM) and the Center of Sports Preparation (CSP), both under the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia. Participants were enrolled, and retrospective data were collected from electronic CME databases between 2021 and 2024.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Among 152 athletes, 94 (61.8%) had a history of musculoskeletal injuries or disorders. Several genetic associations with outcome were identified for a number of variants. The highest odds ratios (ORs) were observed for the A allele of the <italic>IL18RAP</italic> gene (rs1420100, OR 31.81; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003) and the C allele of the <italic>FGF10</italic> gene (rs1448037, OR 57.16; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003). Protective effects were shown for the G allele of the <italic>MIR608</italic> gene (rs4919510, OR 0.06; <italic>p</italic> = 0.006) and the A allele of the <italic>MMP3</italic> gene (rs650108, OR 0.10; <italic>p</italic> = 0.010). Additional significant associations were identified for variants in <italic>GDF5</italic> (rs143383, OR 20.36; <italic>p</italic> = 0.002), <italic>VEGFA</italic> (rs1570360, OR 28.31; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003), and <italic>COL3A1</italic> (rs1800255, OR 13.22; <italic>p</italic> = 0.007).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>There were significant differences in the distribution of specific genetic variants between athletes with or without musculoskeletal injuries or disorders. The findings are consistent with the expected biological effects of these genes. The findings can be integrated into the medical and biological support system for athletes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Высокий уровень травматизма и заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата (ОДА) представляет собой одну из наиболее значимых проблем в спорте высших достижений. Несмотря на общепризнанную роль генетических факторов в формировании индивидуального риска, спектр и частоты ассоциированных генетических вариантов в ключевой популяции — среди спортсменов сборных команд России — остаются недостаточно изученными, что ограничивает возможности разработки персонализированных подходов к их профилактике. Настоящее исследование было направлено на восполнение этого пробела.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Определить частоты и распределение вариантов генов, ассоциированных с риском травм и заболеваний ОДА, у обследованных спортсменов спортивных сборных команд России.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведено одномоментное ретроспективное исследование, в которое были включены спортсмены сборных команд Российской Федерации в возрасте от 18 до 40 лет, предоставившие информированное согласие на участие в исследовании и прошедшие углублённое медицинское обследование (УМО) в установленном порядке. Критерием невключения являлось отсутствие подписанного информированного согласия или полного комплекта данных УМО. Группы исследования были сформированы на основе данных УМО: в группу случаев вошли спортсмены с наличием в анамнезе хотя бы одной травмы или заболевания ОДА, в группу контроля — спортсмены без зарегистрированных травм и заболеваний ОДА в анамнезе. Исследование проводилось на базе ФГБУ НЦСМ ФМБА России и ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России. Период включения участников и сбора ретроспективных данных из электронных баз УМО составил 2021–2024 гг.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Из 152 спортсменов травмы и заболевания ОДА в анамнезе имели 94 (61,8%) человека. Были выявлены генетические ассоциации с исходом для ряда вариантов. Наибольшие отношения шансов (OR) для риска травматизма показали аллель A гена <italic>IL18RAP</italic> (rs1420100, OR = 31,81; <italic>p</italic> = 0,003) и аллель C гена <italic>FGF10</italic> (rs1448037, OR = 57,16; <italic>p</italic> = 0,003). Протекторный эффект продемонстрировали аллель G гена <italic>MIR608</italic> (rs4919510, OR = 0,06; <italic>p</italic> = 0,006) и аллель A гена <italic>MMP3</italic> (rs650108, OR = 0,10; <italic>p</italic> = 0,010). Также значимые ассоциации выявлены для вариантов в генах <italic>GDF5</italic> (rs143383, OR = 20,36; <italic>p</italic> = 0,002), <italic>VEGFA</italic> (rs1570360, OR = 28,31; <italic>p</italic> = 0,003) и <italic>COL3A1</italic> (rs1800255, OR = 13,22; <italic>p</italic> = 0,007).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Различие в распределении частот отдельных генетических вариантов у спортсменов с травмами, заболеваниями ОДА и без таковых является статистически значимым. Полученные значения согласуются с ожидаемым биологическим эффектом этих генов. Результаты исследования могут быть внедрены в систему медико-биологического обеспечения спортсменов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>injury</kwd><kwd>musculoskeletal system</kwd><kwd>anterior cruciate ligament</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>genetic predisposition</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>травма</kwd><kwd>опорно-двигательный аппарат</kwd><kwd>передняя крестообразная связка</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>наследственная предрасположенность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>388-0098-25-04</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Prieto-González P, Martínez-Castillo JL, Fernández-Galván LM, et al. Epidemiology of sports-related injuries and associated risk factors in adolescent athletes: an injury surveillance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4857. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094857</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dragich OA, Sidorova KA, Akhshiyatova NI, Vostrikov AA, Gorbunova TI. Analysis of sports injuries and its prevention. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2023;2(216):115–118. doi: 10.34835/issn.2308-1961.2023.02.p115-118 EDN: KIALVV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ekstrand J, Spreco A, Bengtsson H, Bahr R. Injury rates decreased in men’s professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12,000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(19):1084–1091. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103159</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>López-Valenciano A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Garcia-Gómez A, et al. Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(12):711–718. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099577</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Videbæk S, Bueno AM, Nielsen RO, Rasmussen S. Incidence of running-related injuries per 1000 h of running in different types of runners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(7):1017–1026. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0333-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Cattaneo M, Ramponi C, Thorborg K. What is the injury incidence and profile in professional male ice hockey? A systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024;19(1):1398–1409. doi: 10.26603/001c.90591</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Dubonosova SV. Reasons for sports discontinuation: a retrospective analysis of the physical activity in medical students. Sports Medicine: Research and Practice. 2023;13(1):21–27. doi: 10.47529/2223-2524.2023.1.3 EDN: VSLBPU</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Tranaeus U, Gledhill A, Johnson U, et al. 50 years of research on the psychology of sport injury: a consensus statement. Sports Med. 2024;54(7):1733–1748. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02045-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Turk R, Shah S, Chilton M, et al. Return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction requires evaluation of &gt; 2 functional tests, psychological readiness, quadriceps/hamstring strength, and time after surgery of 8 months. Arthroscopy. 2023;39(3):790–801.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.08.038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Picot B, Lopes R, Rauline G, Fourchet F, Hardy A. Development and validation of the Ankle-GO score for discriminating and predicting return-to-sport outcomes after lateral ankle sprain. Sports Health. 2024;16(1):47–57. doi: 10.1177/19417381231183647</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Zholinskiy AV, Kadykova AI, Deev RV. Modern concepts about genetic regulation of connective tissue gystophysiology and its relationship to the physical quality of «flexibility”. Genes &amp; Cells. 2021;16(4):6–13. doi: 10.23868/202112001 EDN: LUELBE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Orekhovskaya EV, Minin AV. Exercise muscle damage: the role of actn3 gene polymorphism. Sports Medicine: Research and Practice. 2020;10(2):41–47. doi: 10.17238/ISSN2223-2524.2020.2.41 EDN: SHCNQS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Alvarez-Romero J, Laguette MN, Seale K, et al. Genetic variants within the COL5A1 gene are associated with ligament injuries in physically active populations from Australia, South Africa, and Japan. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023;23(2):284–293. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2011426</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Boer CG, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, et al. Deciphering osteoarthritis genetics across 826,690 individuals from 9 populations. Cell. 2021;184(18):4784–4818.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>de Almeida KY, Cetolin T, Marrero AR, et al. A pilot study on the prediction of non-contact muscle injuries based on ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms in professional soccer athletes. Genes (Basel). 2022;13(11):2009. doi: 10.3390/genes13112009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Maestro A, Del Coso J, Aguilar-Navarro M, et al. Genetic profile in genes associated with muscle injuries and injury etiology in professional soccer players. Front Genet. 2022;13:1035899. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035899</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Guo R, Aizezi A, Fan Y, et al. Association between matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphisms and tendon-ligament injuries: evidence from a meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00421-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Gibbon A, Hobbs H, van der Merwe W, et al. The MMP3 gene in musculoskeletal soft tissue injury risk profiling: a study in two independent sample groups. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(7):655–662. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1183806</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Figueiredo EA, Loyola LC, Belangero PS, et al. Rotator cuff tear susceptibility is associated with variants in genes involved in tendon extracellular matrix homeostasis. J Orthop Res. 2020;38(1):192–201. doi: 10.1002/jor.24455</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Sherbak SG, Makarenko SV, Shneider OV, Kamilova TA, Golota AS. Regenerative rehabilitation in injuries of tendons. Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Rehabilitation. 2021;3(2):192–206. doi: 10.36425/rehab70760 EDN: FGSGHR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Casos E, Maestro A, Sabiers CC, et al. Whole-exome sequencing analysis in twin sibling males with an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Injury. 2017;48(1):223–227. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(16)30605-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Feldmann D, Bope CD, Patricios J, et al. A whole genome sequencing approach to anterior cruciate ligament rupture — a twin study in two unrelated families. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274354. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274354</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Massidda M, Flore L, Cugia P, et al. Association between total genotype score and muscle injuries in top-level football players: a pilot study. Sports Med Open. 2024;10(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40798-024-00682-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Wang YP, Di WJ, Yang S, et al. The association of growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 gene polymorphism with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):763. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-04245-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Peng L, Jin S, Lu J, et al. Association between growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism and the risk of knee osteoarthritis among Caucasian but not Asian: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22(1):215. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02306-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Rumyantseva VA, Boranov EV, Rogozhina YA, et al. Systemic collagenopathy: vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with successful bilateral sequential thoracoscopic pleurectomy. Clinical and experimental surgery. Petrovsky journal. 2017;(4):51–58. doi: 10.24411/2308-1198-2017-00007 EDN: ZXHERX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Leźnicka K, Żyżniewska-Banaszak E, Gębska M, et al. Interactions between gene variants within the COL1A1 and COL5A1 genes and musculoskeletal injuries in physically active Caucasian. Genes (Basel). 2021;12(7):1056. doi: 10.3390/genes12071056</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Jacob Y, Anderton RS, Cochrane Wilkie JL, et al. Genetic variants within NOGGIN, COL1A1, COL5A1, and IGF2 are associated with musculoskeletal injuries in elite male Australian Football League players: a preliminary study. Sports Med Open. 2022;8(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s40798-022-00522-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Guo R, Aizezi A, Fan Y, et al. Association between matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphisms and tendon-ligament injuries: evidence from a meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00421-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Jelinsky SA, Rodeo SA, Li J, et al. Regulation of gene expression in human tendinopathy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12:86. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-86</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Chen Z, Chen P, Zheng M, et al. Challenges and perspectives of tendon-derived cell therapy for tendinopathy: from bench to bedside. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):444. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03113-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Luo S, Li W, Wu W, et al. Elevated expression of MMP8 and MMP9 contributes to diabetic osteoarthritis progression in a rat model. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02208-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Omair A, Lie BA, Reikeras O, Brox JI. An association study of interleukin 18 receptor genes (IL18R1 and IL18RAP) in lumbar disc degeneration. Open Orthop J. 2012;6:164–171. doi: 10.2174/1874325001206010164</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Webborn N, Williams A, McNamee M, et al. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing for predicting sports performance and talent identification: consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(23):1486–1491. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095343</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Camporesi S, McNamee MJ. Ethics, genetic testing, and athletic talent: children’s best interests, and the right to an open (athletic) future. Physiol Genomics. 2016;48(3):191–195. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00104.2015</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
