Plantar fasciitis is a common musculoskeletal disorder associated with inflammatory and degenerative changes of the plantar fascia and characterized by intense heel pain. It affects approximately 10% of the population, occurs more frequently in women, and typically presents between 45 and 60 years of age. The main risk factors for plantar fasciitis include female sex, overweight and obesity, excessive mechanical load on the feet (related to sports activity, occupational strain, and congenital or acquired biomechanical abnormalities), and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its primary clinical manifestation is heel pain of startup and mechanical character. The disorder typically follows a cyclical course and resolves favorably in 80%–90% of cases within 6–12 months after onset. The diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is established based on clinical presentation, medical history, and physical examination. Radiographic identification of a heel spur (inferior calcaneal osteophyte, which may be associated with plantar fasciitis) has limited diagnostic value, as do magnetic resonance imaging findings of plantar fascia and enthesis involvement. Plantar fasciitis may be a manifestation of systemic rheumatic diseases, particularly spondyloarthritis. Differential diagnosis requires exclusion of disorders such as foot osteoarthritis, plantar heel bursitis, Haglund deformity, Sever disease, plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose disease), calcaneal fracture, plantar nerve neuropathy, tarsal tunnel syndrome, and L5–S1 radiculopathy. Treatment of plantar fasciitis as an independent condition includes orthotic management, physical therapy (with extracorporeal shock wave therapy being the most effective), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and local injection therapy with glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma, and botulinum toxin type A.