Current Medicinal ChemistryCurrent Medicinal ChemistryCurrent Medicinal Chemistry0929-86731875-533XBentham Science64514910.2174/0109298673259183231117073347Anti-Infectives and Infectious DiseasesResearch ArticlePorphyrinuria in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A ReviewBjørklundGeirinfo@benthamscience.netSemenovaYuliyainfo@benthamscience.netEl-AnsaryAfafinfo@benthamscience.netAl-AyadhiLailainfo@benthamscience.netDepartment of Research,, Council for Nutritional and Environmental MedicineSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev UniversityAutism Center, Lotus Holistic Alternative Medical CenterDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University1011202431426911692507012025Copyright ©; 2024, Bentham Science Publishers2024Bentham Science Publishershttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0929-8673/article/view/645149

:Numerous studies demonstrated that the number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased remarkably in the past decade. A portion of ASD etiology, however, is attributed to environmental issues and genetic disorders. We highlighted a scoping review to principally evaluate the current information on mercury exposure in ASD children and to reveal knowledge gaps. Elevated porphyrins concentration in the urinary system related to mercury exposure, such as precoproporphyrin (prcP), coproporphyrin (cP), and pentacarboxyporphyrin (5cxP), was shown in comparison with controls. Moreover, high levels of urinary porphyrins have been elevated in response to heavy metal exposure. The related pattern (increased prcP, cP, and 5cxP) with Hg exposure may be used as biomarkers in the characteristics of ASD symptoms. However, this review highlighted the data gaps because the control groups were not genderand age-matched for ASD children.

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