Fluid DynamicsFluid DynamicsИзвестия Российской академии наук. Механика жидкости и газа1024-70843034-5340The Russian Academy of Sciences68378010.31857/S1024708425010025DUHUWQArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleTHE LAWS OF THE MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN A COLORED FREE-FALLING DROP IN A TRANSPARENT RECEIVING FLUID (REVIEW)ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА СВОБОДНО ПАДАЮЩЕЙ ОКРАШЕННОЙ КАПЛИ ВПРОЗРАЧНОЙПРИНИМАЮЩЕЙЖИДКОСТИ (ОБЗОР)ChashechkinYu. D.ЧашечкинЮ. Д.chakin@ipmnet.ruIshlinsky Institute forProblems in MechanicsИнститут проблем механики им. А.Ю. Ишлинского РАН150220251NO1 (2025)№1 (2025)226510062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/1024-7084/article/view/683780

The results of the visualization of the matter transfer processes in colored free-fall drops, which mix with a transparent receiving fluid are analyzed. The parametrization is carried out basing on the system of fundamental equations of fluid mechanics which includes the equations of state for the density and the Gibbs potential. The contribution of different mechanisms of energy transfer is discussed; these are the macroscopic (including flows, waves, and vortices) and microscopic (dissipative and conversional) ones. The radiation transfer effect is not considered. The technique of the present-day experiments is descried, which makes it possible to record accompanying acoustic signals together with the highly-resolving videorecording of colored flow pictures. The flow structure, dynamics, and energetics are analyzed for different density ratios of the confluent fluids and the kinetic and potential surface energies (PSE) of the drop. The conditions of the establishment of certain selected regimes, such as intrusive drop inflow, impact breakdown in fibers, and an intermediate hovering and rebound regime, are determined. A drop flowing smoothly into the fluid thickness at a small contact velocity in the intrusive regime forms a connected body. Thin jetlets containing the matter of both media are formed in the contact spot in the The fibrous wakes of the jetlets form lineate and reticular structures on the fluid surface and within its thickness. In the intermediate regime the drop can hover on the fluid surface, touch it, merge partially with it, and rebound with the loss of the matter. The evolution of gas cavities and bubbles radiating acoustic packets is traced. The necessity of taking account for all the mechanisms of total energy transfer in describing hydrodynamics and acoustics of drop flows is noted.

Анализируются результаты визуализации процессов переноса вещества свободно падающих окрашенных капель, смешивающихся с прозрачной принимающей жидкостью. Параметризация проводится на основе системы фундаментальных уравнений механики жидкостей, включающей уравнения состояния для плотности и потенциала Гиббса. Обсуждается вклад различных механизмов передачи энергии: макроскопических (с течениями, волнами, вихрями) и микроскопических (диссипативных и конверсионных). Влияние радиационного переноса не рассматривается. Описывается техника современного эксперимента, позволяющая одновременно с высокоразрешающей видеорегистрацией цветных картин течения записывать сопутствующие акустические сигналы. Анализируется структура, динамика и энергетика течений при различных значениях отношений плотностей сливающихся жидкостей, кинетической и потенциальной поверхностной энергии (ППЭ) капли. Определены условия установления выделенных режимов: интрузивного втекания капли, импактного распада на волокна и промежуточного режима зависания и отскока. При малой контактной скорости, в интрузивном режиме, плавно втекающая в толщу жидкости капля образует связный объем. В импактном режиме в пятне контакта образуются тонкие струйки, содержащие вещество обеих сред. Струйки пронзают дно и стенки каверны, растекаются по поверхности жидкости и вылетают в воздух. Волокнистые следы струек образуют линейчатые и ретикулярные структуры на поверхности и в толще жидкости. В промежуточном режиме капля может зависнуть на поверхности жидкости, соприкоснуться, частично слиться и отскочить с потерей вещества. Прослежена эволюция газовых полостей и пузырьков, излучающие акустические пакеты. Отмечается необходимость учета всех механизмов передачи полной энергии при описании гидродинамики и акустики капельных течений.

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