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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Surface Investigation. X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Surface Investigation. X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-0960</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5731</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698150</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034573125050159</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modeling of Thermal Fields and Thermomechanical Deformation of the Ion Source Electrodes. Development of Refined Mathematical Model of Electrode Deformation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОВЫХ ПОЛЕЙ И ТЕРМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ ИОННОГО ИСТОЧНИКА. РАЗРАБОТКА УТОЧНЕННОЙ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mogulkin</surname><given-names>A. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Могулкин</surname><given-names>А. И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svotina</surname><given-names>V. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свотина</surname><given-names>В. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>A. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>А. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peysakhovich</surname><given-names>O. D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пейсахович</surname><given-names>О. Д</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demchenko</surname><given-names>D. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демченко</surname><given-names>Д. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abgaryan</surname><given-names>V. K</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абгарян</surname><given-names>В. К</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khartov</surname><given-names>S. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хартов</surname><given-names>С. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>revenged@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Applied Mechanics and Electrodynamics of the Moscow Aviation Institute (RIAME MAI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ Прикладной механики и электродинамики Московского авиационного института</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO5 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№5 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Институт физики твердого тела РАН, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Институт физики твердого тела РАН, Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-05-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1028-0960/article/view/698150">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1028-0960/article/view/698150</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Besides the standard application of ion thrusters for the Near-Earth space exploration and cruise missions, there is a problem of removing man-made space debris objects from the Near-Earth space by a weakly diverging ion beam, i.e. by a contactless impact. However, for stable operation of the ion-extraction system of both the ion thruster and the ion source, it is necessary to predict and take into account the thermal deformations of electrodes of the ion-extraction system. The increase in the number of man-made space debris objects in the Near-Earth space hinders the long-term sustainable development of space activities. Many different methods have been proposed for removing large objects into disposal orbits or into low orbits for their further destruction in the dense layers of the Earth's atmosphere. To remove space debris, a service spacecraft can be used, which could approach the space debris to be removed and tow it to the disposal region by a contactless impact. A radio-frequency ion source forming a weakly diverging ion beam, under the influence of which the space debris objects would move in the direction of the disposal orbit, can be used as an onboard device designed for this purpose. Such radio-frequency ion source is in fact a radio-frequency ion thruster. The development of thermal and thermomechanical models of ion thruster and ion source taking into account the requirements for the reliable operation and integration of ion source with service spacecraft systems to provide contactless space debris transportation in space and integrations of ion thruster with onboard systems to provide attitude control or ensure cruise missions is one of the problematic scientific and technical issues. In terms of design, the ion-extraction system of ion thruster and ion source is the most complex unit. When developing the ion-extraction system design, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of electrode operation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Кроме стандартного применения ионных двигателей для освоения околоземного космического пространства и маршевых миссий, существует задача очистки околоземного космического пространства от объектов космического мусора техногенного происхождения слабо расходящимся ионным пучком, то есть с помощью бесконтактного воздействия. Однако для устойчивой работы ионно-оптической системы (как ионного двигателя, так и источника ионов) необходимо прогнозировать и учитывать тепловые деформации электродов ионно-оптической системы. Увеличение техногенного засорения околоземного космического пространства препятствует долговременному устойчивому развитию космической деятельности. Предложено много различных способов увода крупногабаритных объектов на орбиты захоронения или на низкие орбиты для их разрушения в плотных слоях атмосферы Земли. Для увода космического мусора можно применять сервисные космические аппараты, которые сближаются с удаляемым космическим мусором и посредством бесконтактного воздействия буксируют его в зону захоронения. В качестве бортового средства воздействия на объекты космического мусора может быть использован высокочастотный источник ионов, формирующий слабо расходящийся ионный пучок, под воздействием которого и происходит передвижение объектов космического мусора в направлении орбиты захоронения. Данный высокочастотный источник ионов по сути и является высокочастотным ионным двигателем. Разработка тепловой и термомеханической модели ионного двигателя и источника с учетом требований надежного функционирования и интегрирования источника ионов с системами космического аппарата для бесконтактного перемещения в космическом пространстве и ионного двигателя с системами космического аппарата для коррекции положения или маршевых миссий является одним из проблемных научно-технических вопросов. В конструктивном отношении ионно-оптическая система ионного двигателя и источника является наиболее сложным узлом. При разработке конструкции ионно-оптической системы необходимо учитывать особенности эксплуатации электродов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ion thruster</kwd><kwd>ion-extraction system</kwd><kwd>ion source</kwd><kwd>electrode</kwd><kwd>deformation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокочастотный ионный двигатель</kwd><kwd>ионно-оптическая система</kwd><kwd>источник ионов</kwd><kwd>электрод</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 22-79-10206 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-79-10206/)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kravchenko D., Lovtsov A.S., Madeev S. // AIP Conf. Proc. 2019. V. 2179. P. 020012/ https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135485</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Takao Y., Iwata I., Chyou N. 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