Vol 18, No 2 (2013)

The article reviews the experience of chemotherapy department N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Recearch Center RAMS from 1996 to 2012 in the treatment of SCLC patients with combinations of cytotoxic drugs cisplatin and carboplatin. The efficiency of different schemes on the basis of platinum with etoposide, irinotecan, docetaxel, ACNU (EP, IP, DP, AVP)has been studied. The data on the mode of treatment, side effects, and survival after these treatment schemes. Maximum efficiency was shown by EP, IP, AVP schemes.

The possibilities of fl uorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with domestic photosensitizers and domestic equipment in brain tumors have been studied. Investigation of the level and selectivity of accumulation dynamics of Photosens and Tiosens in C6 glioma tissue by spectral fl uorescence method has showed the selective accumulation of both agents in tumor tissue. High effi ciency of PDT with Photosens and Tiosens both as monotherapy and as combined treatment has been shown on the base of pathomorphological criteria. Increase of therapeutic effi cacy of combined treatment of C6 glioma using FD and intraoperative PDT with Alasens has been established.

The purpose of the study - to determine the degree of endothelial dysfunction in the dynamics of the perioperative period in patients with cancer of the pancreatic head in relation to the development and course of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A total of 42 patients with cancer of the pancreatic head, underwent radical surgery. The parameters of the vascular endothelium: the number of circulating endothelial cells, the content of NO metabolites in blood and excretion, the content of von Willebrand factor in the blood, the level of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome have been determined. It has been revealed that the presence of endothelial dysfunction signs before surgical intervention corresponds to an increase risk of systemic inflammatory response after surgery was significantly correlated with its constituent symptoms.

The purpose of research - the study of quantitative cell cervical cancer (CC) due to radiation therapy: ploidy and their distribution over the phases of the cell cycle analysis of the relationship of these parameters with clinical prognosis factors. Presents the group of 121 patients with CC II, III, IV stages, where the courses combined radiotherapy were from 2000 to 2008. Biopsy tumor samples were used during the radiotherapy. Diploid tumors were detected in 38 (31.4%) patients, aneuploid - in 75 (62%), tetraploid - in 7 (5.8%) and 1 (0.8%) - gyperaneuploid tumor. Overall and disease free-5-year survival in diploid tumors was higher (68,4 ± 9,6% and 45,1 ± 11,0%) compared to the aneuploid (45,4 ± 8,4% and 32.7 ± 7,2%), p <0.05. Among aneuploid CC recurrence rate is higher than the diploid: 24.0% versus 2.6% (p <0.05), respectively. Aneuploid CC with S phase fraction <7% associated with better overall and disease-free survival within 5 years was 57,2 ± 13,1% and 45,6 ± 11,3%, than those with S-phase fraction 7%- > 14 % - 32,3 ± 10,3% and 18,2 ± 8,5% (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0006), respectively. For S-phase fraction ≥ 14% of all patients died within the 1st year follow-up of disease progression. Similarly, in a group of diploid tumors disease free-5-year survival (p = 0.002) with a low content of cells in S phase was 74,7 ± 10,1% of patients. When S-phase fraction > 7%, all patients died within 3 years of the progression of the disease. With increasing stage of cervical cancer, increased proliferative activity of aneuploid tumors. Disease-free survival was worse with increasing PI (p = 0.01). In patients with cervical cancer stage III - IV at age <49 years, the main prognostic factors include poor differentiated squamous cancer, PI of 15 to 20%, IDNA within 1.1 - 1.84 and more. In patients > 49 years - PI over 20% and IDNA 0.6 - 0.8. In this category of patients the course of chemo-radiotherapy is appropriate. Both ploidy and number of cells in S phase should be seen as independent prognostic criteria in patients with stage II CC.

A clinical case of appendix cancer in 68-year-old woman, earlier operated for metastatic ovarian tumor is described. The professional diagnostic approach (immunohistochemical morphology and re-colonoscopy) could help identify appendix cancer and changed treatment algorithm for secondary radical surgery.

Screening of breast cancer with mammography recommended to women below the age of 40 years old has been shown to decrease mortality from breast cancer. But there is group of young women with high risk for developing breast cancer. The main part of this group are women with BRCA 1/2 mutations and women with strong family histories without known BRCA 1/2 mutations. Mammography has much lower accuracy in women under 40 years especially genetic mutation carriers compared to sporadic cases of breast cancer. For this reason there is necessity in new screening methods of young high-risk women to detect early-stage cancers.