Vol 18, No 5 (2013)

Articles

EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS MELANOMA: IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION OF DERMOSCOPY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Demidov L.V., Sinelnikov I.E., Nazarova V.V., Utyashev I.A., Golubev A.V., Doroshenko M.V.

Abstract

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) — an extremely malignant tumor that needs to be diagnosed at the earliest stages. Dermoscopy is a highly effective method for early diagnosis of CM. This non-invasive method of skin epiluminescene microscopy using an optical device — dermoscope, provides images of the surface and internal structures of the skin. Knowledge of the dermoscopycal signs and algorithms helps to identify the CM among the other pigmented skin pathology. Application of dermoscope reduces the risk of unnecessary surgical procedures in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the skin. Considering the importance of early diagnosis of CM we developed a unique screening program, which was attended by a total of five oncologists. After a preliminary analysis of the on-line profiles with photos of pigmented lesions of the skin, experts internally examined only those patients, whose photographs of skin lesions were suspicious for CM. Dermoscopy was actively used during medical examination. As a result, the screening program has identified the patients with early stages of CM (IA—IIA). Thus dermoscopy is useful and necessary tool for early detection of MK, including the screening programs.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):4-11
pages 4-11 views

EVALUTION OF RADICAL SURGERY FOR MALIGNANT TUMORS OF PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE

Aslanova E.C., Drobyshev A.Y., Mudunov A.M.

Abstract

Absence of relapses and metastases patients with tumors of parapharyngeal space according to most authors, is an indication of radical surgery. Anatomic features of parapharyngeal space and an infiltrative tumors growth require an effective surgical treatment. Latent process and late diagnosis of the disease do not admit the posibility of the radical surgery for tumors of parapharyngeal space. But an adequate surgical approach helps to best visualize the operating field and improves the life without relapses. The article contains literature data on the treatment outcomes after radical surgery. The article contains results of our researches.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):12-15
pages 12-15 views

PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA: ETIOLOGY, INCIDENCE, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND SURVIVAL

Lazarev A.F., Grigoruk O.G., Bazulina L.M., Muzalevskiy P.N., Kravtsov V.Y.

Abstract

The incidence rate of malignant pleural mesothelioma accounts for 0.2 cases per 100,000 population among men and 0.1 cases among women in Russia, and 0.88 and 0.67 cases respectively in Altai Territory. Recently, there has been a growing number of the incidences due to a widespread use of asbestos in the 70th years of the last century. Malignant mesothelioma is distinguished by a prolonged latency period, and constitutes a highly aggressive tumor. By now, the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma still remains a problem. CT and US-scans are used together with chest X-ray. Morphological confirmation of tumor (biopsy and cytologic examination of exudation complemented by immunocytochemical technique) is obligatory. Treatment of malignant mesothelioma mostly includes chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed. Radical surgery is more frequently impossible considering a diffusion growth of mesothelioma. Radiotherapy is used as prevention, and applied to a puncture point and post-surgery to prevent local recurrence. The life expectancy of the patients with malignant pleural is poor: from 4 to 12 months with an average of 7 months. Only 26.5% of such patients have life expectancy longer than one year, and 6.8% of such patients live longer than 3 years. Maximum life expectancy of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma accounts for 44 months. These are women with accumulation of fluid diagnosed in the left-sided pleural space with epithelioid mesothelioma.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):15-20
pages 15-20 views

Implex treatment of locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer

Manikhas G.M., Ostrinskaya T.V., Nuraev N.B., Zhumankulov A.M.

Abstract

This article compares different complex treatments combinations of locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer with the surgical component before and after radiation treatment. The authors compare the short-and long-term outcomes for patients with oropharyngeal cancer regimens: chemotherapy+ radiation therapy + surgery (CT+RT+S) and chemotherapy + surgery +radiation therapy (CT+ S +RT). The application of combined treatments with a surgical component of the first phase prior to radiation therapy (CT+ S +RT) has reduced the number of postoperative complications by 2 times and significantly reduce the time of the patient in the hospital and the length of tube feeding and the period of tracheostomy use in comparison with the scheme (CT+RT+S).
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):20-24
pages 20-24 views

LIFE QUALITY OF PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL CANCER AFTER THE IMMUNOTHERAPY

Manambaeva Z.A., Lazarev A.F., Kenbaeva D.K., Medeubaev R.K., Mustafina B.K., Matyzina E.N.

Abstract

Research objective - definition of immunotherapy influence on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer in comparison with traditional antineoplastic therapy. 117 patients with cervical cancer, exposed to antineoplastic therapy by means of questionnaire SF-36 are surveyed. Patients were exposed to the complex therapy including specific and adoptive immunotherapy. Relative improvement of quality of life has been reached in group of immunotherapy application, statistically significant according to a number of SF-36 scales.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):25-26
pages 25-26 views

CRYOSURGERY TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BASAL CELL SKIN CARCINOMA II STAGES OF THE HEAD

Pustynskiy I.N., Paches A.I., Kropotov M.A.

Abstract

Cryosurgery was used for treatment of 71 patients with basal-cell skin cancer of the head II stages in selective group according to the indications. Follow-up was from 2 to 11 years (med. 6 years). Recurrence rate after cryosurgery treatment was 5,6 %. Recurrent tumors were treated by cryosurgery (2) and surgery (2). Good esthetic and functional results were noted.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):27-30
pages 27-30 views

DIAGNOSTIC POSSIBILITIES OF ORAL FLUID BIOMARKERS FOR TUMORS OF THE PAROTID

Kochurova E.M., Kozlov S.V., Nikolenko V.N., Gujter O.S.

Abstract

Tumors of maxillofacial area violate main physiological functions. Tumors of the parotid gland are common, but asymptomatic. After the treatment of these tumors long-term observation of the following is required. Currently a noninvasive method for early diagnosis of tumors of the parotid gland is not developed. In turn, the family of matrix proteinases are involved in the control of malignant tumors growth through metastasis and angiogenesis. This is confirmed in our study of the biomarkers level in oral fluid.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):30-32
pages 30-32 views

THE IMPORTANCE OF NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE INHIBITOR FOR PANCREATIC CANCER EXTENDING IN EXPERIMENT

Berezovsky I.V., Lazarev A.F., Fokeev S.D.

Abstract

ZD892- the neutrophil elastase inhibitor possesses ability to block (to slow down) extending of pancreatic cancer cells on the peritoneum, their fixing on it and development of carcinomatosis, it also slows down growth of primary pancreatic tumor. These abilities amplify at joint application ZD892 and xeloda.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):32-35
pages 32-35 views

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF PATIENTS WITH MIDDLE EAR CANCER

Svetitskiy P.V., Engibaryan M.A.

Abstract

We present treatment results of 7 patients with middle ear cancer (3 men and 4 women) having been treated in Head and Neck Tumors Department of Rostov Research Oncologic Institute within the period 2003-2013. All patients had squamous cell cancer. After preoperative radiotherapy the patients were operated: resection of temporal bone and external acoustic meatus. In three cases with cervical metastases lymphodissection IIA-B, III level was performed. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was prescribed. As a result of treatment 4 patients survived 2 years and 2 patients survived 3 years. A clinical case is presented. The patient aged 42, with advanced middle ear cancer underwent preoperative radiotherapy with subsequent radical operation, i.e. subtotal resection of temporal bone with exposure of facial nerve, sigmoid sinus and bulb of jugular vein. The patient is under surveillance during 5 months without continued tumor growth.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):36-37
pages 36-37 views

INPATIENT MEDICAL CARE FOR CANCER PATIENTS PROVIDED IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS WITHIN THE LAST YEAR OF LIFE AS A MINIMAL NEED FOR PALLIATIVE CARE

Vvedenskaya E.S., Dayutova M.V.

Abstract

The State Program on Health Care Development in the Russian Federation approved in 2012 includes the palliative medical care (PMC) subprogram. According to this subprogram a full infrastructure in the regions should be established to provide PMC to patients who need active symptomatic therapy and psycho-social support during the late stages of the life-threatening progressive diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the scope and place of inpatient medical care provision in the last year of life to patients who died from cancer to determine the need for PMC based on the actual use of health services in the region. Patients who died from cancer at home in the last year of life received inpatient care at different levels of the health system (69.5 admissions per 100 patients per year). Admissions were made mainly to the municipal medical organizations (79.77±3.0% of all hospital admissions) and 20.23±3.0% to the regional oncology dispensary. 220 beds used for providing medical care to cancer patients in the last year of life can be considered as minimum need for PMC beds including those based in a specialist cancer hospital (33.54 beds) facing the current levels of cancer morbidity and mortality in the region as well as the effectiveness of the health system primarily the outpatient care. The number of beds used by cancer patients for PMC in the last year of life was 80.12% of the total number of beds for PMC provision calculated according to the standard recommended by the State Programme on Health Care Development in the Russian Federation until 2020. So we have to keep in mind that up to 80% of the total number of PMC beds established should be allocated for cancer patients and only 20% - for specialist PMC provision for patients with other progressive diseases.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):38-41
pages 38-41 views

NEW THREE-YEAR SURVIVAL TENDENCIES OF THE ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS ON POPULATION LEVEL IN THE KALININGRAD REGION

Kutlumuratov A.B., Polyakov K.I., Vaysbeyn I.Z., Popov M.S.

Abstract

On a database of the population cancer register of the Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation for the period 15.11.2006-15.11.2012 for the first time were investigated an observed and an adjusted three-year survival of 14774 patients with 23 localizations ofmalignant tumor (MT). Comparatively were estimated the survival of the patients with these diagnoses before inclusion (in 07.2009) of the regional oncology clinic into the structure of Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital (group “BEFORE”), and after this (group “AFTER”). The Determination of Government KO №284 05.2009y was realized during second half 2009y. Observed and adjusted three-year survival in group “BEFORE” was shorter than in group “AFTER” at all 23 MT localizations. These distinctions were statistically significant (from p<0.05 up to p<0.001) for 18 localizations of the MT, including the visually accessible localizations of the MT - skin (p<0.001), melanoma (p<0.001), mammary (p<0.001), rectum (p<0.001), cervix (p<0.001) and vulvae (p<0.05). The exception (p>0.05) were made by five rare MT - soft tissues, bones, retroperitoneal tumors, thyroid gland, and Hodgkin s lymphomas. Data of statistics is indicating that the improvement of survival of the patients with MT was caused by the involving of the material resources, personnel and organizational resources of Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital for the oncological service of region population.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):42-47
pages 42-47 views

THE CURRENT STATE OF SCREENING PROGRAMS IN ONCOLOGY

Komarova L.E.

Abstract

The main task carried out in the world of oncology screening programs is the active involvement of public in order to identify asymptomatic and early forms of cancer. The mortality rate reduction in the group of screening participants is the effectiveness evidence of such programs organization and conduct. In recent years, the issues of benefits and possible negative aspects of screening in reducing mortality from certain forms of cancer continue to be debated.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):48-51
pages 48-51 views

MODERN DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER

Nikogosyan S.O., Kuznetsov V.V.

Abstract

Every year, the world’s recorded more than 225 thousand new cases of ovarian cancer, more than 140 thousand women die from this disease. An important role in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer is oncology alertness doctors of various specialties. Together with the standard methods of screening for ovarian cancer new techniques can improve early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer. This article provides an overview of the new marker HE4, and its value, in combination with a marker CA-125.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2013;18(5):52-55
pages 52-55 views


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