Vol 20, No 2 (2015)

The study evaluatedfeasibility, safety and effectiveness of cell biotherapy based on allogenic LAK-cells in combination with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) used for sistem antitumor immunotherapy. The clinical study involved cancer patients with metastatic effusions resistant to systemic chemotherapy. The results showed that intra-cavity immunotherapy was highly effective and well tolerated in treatment of patients with malignant effusions.

The article presents some mechanisms of antitumor immunity, lymphocyte subpopulations present in tissues of serous ovarian cancer were studied (intratumoral lymphocytes). The composition of intratumoral lymphocytes in tumor stroma, depending on its degree of differentiation was studied. A significant relationship between the degree of infiltration of mature T cells and the degree of differentiation of serous ovarian cancer was revealed.

The article presents a clinical case of radical surgery using microsurgical techniques for cancer of the oropharynx after complex therapy spent the first tumor - hypopharynx cancer.

The growth of any cancer is associated with neoangiogenesis and neolimfogenezom that gives neoplasm opportunity of autonomous development. The basic processes of these agents is the family of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), represented by VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, its biological effects performing the interaction with tyrosine kinase receptors R1, R2 and R3. In tumor and perifocal zone intact skin of laboratory animals - mice were inoculated subcutaneously with B16 melanoma / F10 (n = 40) to study the dependence of the level of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, as well as their receptors - R1, R2 from the development of cancer. It was found that during the growth of melanoma B16 / F10 in mice lines C57BL / 6j actively implemented mechanisms of various vessels creation - angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry neolimfogenesis. Thus growth factors and their receptors are synthesized not only the tumor, but also to surrounding tissues, and even remote areas of the skin from the tumor. Until the second week of melanoma tumor is a leading component for expression of growth factors and their receptors, however, for the third week - the lead passes to the perifocal area, which continues to increase as VEGF, and their receptors. Interestingly time that remote from the tumor of the skin is much more active synthesis of VEGF-C and its receptor.

Objective - to determine current rates of childhood cancer incidence and mortality at a national level for Russia and to evaluate recent trends. Material and methods. Using the Annual reports of Ministry of health and Federal State Statistics Service we calculated childhood cancer incidence and mortality rates for the 5-year period 2008-2012 and trends between 1989 and 2012 by sex, age and site. Rates were directly age-standardised to the 2000 World Standard Population, and linear regression was used to determine the magnitude and significance of trends. Results. The age-adjusted incidence rate in children aged 0-17 years was 125 per 1,000, 000 individuals per year for 2008-2012. The highest age-specific incidence (159 per 1,000,000 children/year) was observed in early childhood (0-4 years). Between 1989 and 2012, a significant increase in the cancer incidence was observed in children aged 0-14 years: average annual percent change was 1,6% [95%CI 1,5%; 1,7%]. The greatest increase for this period was observedfor soft tissue sarcomas (3,7% [2,6; 4,9]), hepatic tumors (3,6% [2,6; 4,6]), thyroid carcinomas (3,7% [3,2; 4,2]), CNS neoplasms (2,9% [2,6; 3,1]), renal tumors (2,1% [1,7; 2,5]) and leukaemias (1,9% [1,7; 2,1]). The decrease of incidence was observed for Hodgkin (- 1,6% [-2,1; -1,2]) and non-Hodgkin (- 1.4% [-1,8; -1,0]) lymphomas. Childhood cancer mortality for 2008-2012 was 40 cases per 1000,000 children/year. The highest age-specific mortality rate (52,3 per 1,000,000) was observed in infants. The significant decrease of mortality were found from 1989 (70 per million) to 2012 (37per million). The greatest average annual decrease for this period was observedfor leukaemias (-3,8% [-4,0; -3,5]) and lymphomas (-6,8% [-7,3; -6,4]). The significant decrease of mortality in 19992012 was foundfor malignant bone tumors( -5,9% [-7,4; -4,3]), renal tumors (-2,9% [-4,7; -1,1]) and CNS neoplasms (-1,1% [-1,9; -0,3]) with the only exeption for soft tissue sarcomas (average annual increase was 3,2% [1,8; 4,7]). Conclusion. Significant temporal trends of childhood cancer incidence and mortality in Russia were found during the study period. Although rates of cancer mortality are generally decreasing in Russia there are still very high levels for common childhood cancer types.