Vol 19, No 6 (2014)

There was studied the therapeutic efficacy ofinhalations ofaerosolform ofaprotinin delivered by a propellant in the metered-dose inhaler (MDI). This clinical trial was performed during the winter-spring outbreak caused with pandemic Influenza H1N1pdmO9. Aprotinin (a natural antiprotease low molecular weight polypeptide from bovine lungs) is known to be an antiviral drug, which inhibits influenza virus proteolytic activation accomplished by host respiratory proteases. Patients inhaled 2 aerosol doses of aprotinin (160 Kallikrein-inhibiting Units (KIU)) each 2 hours for 5 days. In comparison group, patients were treated with Ingavirin (a synthetic peptidoamine with unknown antiviral target), 90 mg per dayfor 5 days. On day 2 after treatment viral loads in naso-pharyngeal washes were determined. In aprotinin patients about the tenfold decrease of viral load was determined in comparison to Ingavirin patients. Duration of clinical symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, weakness, headache, sore throat, cough, chest pains, fever, in aprotinin group was 1 -2 days shorter then in Ingavirin group. No side effects neither patient discomfort were revealed in aprotinin group of patients. MDI, containing aprotinin as an active substance, can be recommended as a drug against Influenza caused by different viruses, including seasonal H1 N1, H3N2, swine-like H1 N1 pdmO9, and avian-like H7N9 viruses.

For the present time the problem ofprevention and treatment of infections associated with the delivery of health care (IAHC) in surgical departments remains to be the one of the most important worldwide. IAHC aggravate the general state ofpatients and increase the duration of hospital stay. Aim: to perform the analysis of IAHC in surgical departments with bearing in mind their nosological forms and etiological features. At the base of the analysis there was taken an analysis of4504 cases of IAHC, recorded in surgical departments in Chelyabinsk for 9 years. In the structure of IAHC the prevalent place was occupied by infections in the area of surgical interventions and respiratory tract infections - 44.5% and 43.3%, respectively. There was noted the change in the structure of IAHC: the number of recorded infections in surgery tends to decrease (from 66.4% in 2004 to 31.1% in 2012), while the number of recorded bloodstream infections and urinary tract infections is increasing annually (from 0 in 2004 to 8.6% and 7.0% respectively in 2012). In the etiological interpretation of IAHC the plenty large enough part (from 5.8% of infections of the urinary system and 19.7% of infections in the surgical intervention) remains to be unexplained, that indicates to the defects of the samplings of the biological material and precludes to perform the adequate etiotropic therapy. There was shown the needfor the realization of the differentiated approach to the development of the measuresfor the prevention of IAHC.

Introduction: By means of the Association for the Study of complete genome there was identified the prognostic value of polymorphisms associated with single-nucleotide substitutions (SNP) in the human genome and located in the region of the gene IL28B/IFN-L3. Hereafter also there were identified SNP in the gene IFN-L4 and there was found a correlation between the population and the spontaneous elimination of HCV infection. Methods: In the studies there was used the materialfrom 135 HCV-infected persons residing on the territory of Uzbekistan. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), then SNP genotyping of the IFN-L3 gene region (rs8099917, rs12979860) was performed by means of three methods: Invader Plus Assay, TaqMan Assay and direct sequencing. The plot of the IFN-L4 gene (ss469415590) was sequenced. Results: Out of the 135 studied patients, who received antiviral treatment according to the standard scheme Peg-IFN-a in combination with RBVfor 24 and 48 weeks, 87,4% were belonged to the Central Asian (CA) ethnic group and 12.6% - Eastern European (EE). Among the examined cases, there no virological response to antiviral therapy was observed in 21.2% of patients from CA group and 35.3% of EE patients (p <0.32). High association of SNP rs12979860 was observed in the testing of all samples with sustained antiviral response to the therapy (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.9 - 14.6; p <0.004), but the SNP rs8099917 showed a high prognostic significance only in the CA group (OR, 6.9; 95 % CI, 2.6 - 18.0; p <0.002). Allele frequencies IFNL4 SNP rs469415590 were met similarly to SNP rs12979860 in the all studied samples. Conclusions: For the prediction of the outcome ofantiviral therapy in viral hepatitis C among populations of Central Asia, SNP regions and genes IFNL3IFNL4 can be used as markers of genetic factors.

At the base on the comparison of the properties of antibiotics and disinfectants, there is given the justification of the impossibility of the direct transfer of methodology from the area of the resistance to antibiotics to the resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants. There have been formulated prior tasks in the area of the study of the resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants.