Vol 23, No 2 (2018)
- Year: 2018
- Articles: 8
- URL: https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/issue/view/2559
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/EID.232
Articles
HIV-INFECTION AND CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Abstract
The article describes the main trends in the incidence rate of HIV infection in the Russian Federation over the past decade. The majority of HIV-infected people was shown to be injecting drug users. The immunosuppressive effect of psychoactive substances and peculiarities of HIV infection in drug-dependent patients are characterized. The drug use is considered to be associated with a high risk of co-infection: viral hepatitis via a parenteral transmission mechanism, tuberculosis. The spread of parenteral viral hepatitis among HIV-infected consumers of psychoactive substances has acquired a huge medical and social significance: hepatitis C affects more than 90% of consumers, hepatitis B - about 70-80%. Viral hepatitis B and C are considered as a co-factor in the tanatogenesis in babies of HIV-infected pregnant females, HIV/HCV coinfection accelerates the rate of progression of the chronic viral liver disease to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among HIV-infected patients, there was significantly increased the proportion of cases killed by chronic viral hepatitis due to lack of the antiviral therapy for specific liver damage. Psychopathological changes in comorbid HIV infection in consumers of psychoactive substances are characterized. In drug users, HIV infection was noted to change the pathological attraction to psychoactive substances. If dependence on psychoactive substance was absent, this psychopathological phenomenon can suddenly arise in patients with narcological diseases, its clinical severity increases sharply. This is due to the general change in the unfavorable side of the mental state of patients, who were informed that they have HIV infection, given the low commitment of this contingent of ART proposed algorithm of complex medical and psychological care aimed at correcting mental, behavioral disorders and specific treatment of HIV infection.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):60-67
60-67
ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS AT THE STAGE OF SECON-DARY DISEASES USING CORRELATION ADAPTOMETRY
Abstract
At the stage of secondary HIV disease, the tuberculosis process often loses its specificity, which makes it difficult to diagnose timely, first of all, tuberculosis and leads to late appointment of etiotropic therapy. The purpose of our study was to study the characteristics of tuberculosis infection course in patients with HIV at the stage of secondary diseases using correlation adaptometry. The analysis of disease histories of 113 HIV infection patients at the stage of secondary diseases with the use of statistical processing was carried out. Using correlation adaptometry, it was established that HIV-infected patients do not have significant differences in the course and clinical manifestations of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):68-72
68-72
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF IMPORTED MORBIDITY CAUSED BY SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS INTRODUCED STRAINS WITH SPECIFIC PLASMID TYPES
Abstract
Aim. To compare the plasmid characteristics of Salmonella Enteritidis populations isolated from human patients in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories to determine the causes and mechanisms of the morbidity gain associated with Salmonella infections caused by specific plasmid types. Materials and methods. The plasmid analysis of S. Enteritidis isolates from 7057 patients, including 6120 patients in the Primorsky Territory and 937 in the Khabarovsk Territory were performed over the period of 2006-2013. The plasmid profile was analyzed by the method of Kado C.I. and Liu S.T. (1981). Results. The concept of the synchronous morbidity among people living in different administrative territories caused by specific plasmid types of S. Enteritidis was established. The need to identify this type of morbidity is predicated on its targeted control and prevention measures. Conclusion. The nonintegrated epidemiological surveillance of salmonellosis covering certain administrative territories is unable to control the whole process of synchronous morbidity; additional infection control of strategies is needed.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):73-76
73-76
SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS OF HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS IN THE DEBUT OF ANGIOIMMUNNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Abstract
Background. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is the rare lymphoproliferative disorder traditionally thought to be associated with EBV. This original study gives data about serological and molecular markers of herpes viruses in primary AITL patients. Materials and methods. The review includes analysis of clinical and laboratory features of 40 primary AITL patients. Peripheral blood, lymph node, bone marrow and bronco-alveolar aspirate samples were tested by ELISA, PCR and in situ hybridization. Results. Laboratory markers of the acute herpetic infection were detected in 29 (72.0%) out of 40 patients. Primary infection was detected in 8 cases: 6 - primary EBV, 1 - HCMV and 1-EBV and HCMV simultaneously. Anti-HSV 1,2 IgM were observed in 15 (37.5%) patients. EBV small non-coding RNAs (EBER) was positive in 27 (71.1%) out of 38 cases. The comparison of the detection of EBER and markers of acute EBV infection showed good correlation (p<0.001). Patients with EBER-negative lymph node samples (n=11) didn’t have any markers of acute EBV infection. Conversely, 24 of 27 (88.9%) EBER-positive cases accompanied by markers of acute EBV infection: 7 (25.9%) of them held markers of primary infection and 17 (63.0%) - reactivation. A pattern of markers of latent EBV was observed in the rest 3 (11.1%) EBER-positive cases. Conclusion. In primary AITL patients markers of herpetic infections are detected with a high frequency. EBV infection is the most frequent. The high detection rate of IgM HSM 1.2 in primary AITL patients seems to be a characteristic feature of the tumor. Obtained data proved the necessity of laboratory testing for markers of acute herpes viruses, especially in EBER-positive cases.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):77-84
77-84
ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IN AMBULATORY PRACTICE
Abstract
There is presented the structure of acute intestinal infections (AIIs) at the outpatient stage of medical care in 135 outpatients (70 men and 65 women, aged from 15 to 55 years) visited the Health Center of Barnaul. In all patients, the mild course of gastroenteritis predominated (the stool frequency did not exceed 4-5 times a day, body temperature - 37.2 0C). The investigation of biological material from patients (feces) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with hybridization-fluorescent detection “AmpliSens® AII screen-FL”. The results showed the high efficiency of the test system used, as in 118 out of 135 samples (87%) there was found genetic material of different etiology, 66.1% were of the viral origin, among which rotaviruses and noroviruses prevailed, 25.4% of samples had bacterial origin (Salmonella prevailed) and 19.5% of mixed virus-viral or bacterial-viral etiology. The work showed both the high sensitivity and specificity of the PCR method in the etiological diagnosis of AII. Among the examined patients, AII of viral origin prevailed (66.1%).
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):85-88
85-88
THE DETECTION OF IGG TO HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 7 IN CHILDREN
Abstract
Background. There are no data on HHV-7 seroprevalence in Russia. Previously we detected HHV-7 DNA in plasma of 8-10% children with exanthem subitum and fever without rash. Aim. To perform the comparative study of the seroprevalence of HHV-7 and HHV-6 in children in Russia. Materials and methods. The pilot study included 116 children, aged from 10 days to 10 years. Serum samples were tested for IgG to HHV-7 and HHV-6 by indirect immunofluorescent assays and ELISA correspondingly. Results. The prevalence rate antibodies to HHV-7 was three times lower than for antibodies to HHV-6. There were only 18% of patients seropositive to HHV-7, whereas 50% of cases appeared to be seropositive to HHV-6. In infants younger 6 months the frequency of HHV-7 seropositivity amounted to 14.8%, which possibly was due to maternal antibodies. In babies aged from 7 months to 4 years, the HHV-7 seroprevalence was about 7-13%. In children older than 4 years the rate of seropositivity raised to 31%. Conclusion. We can conclude that in life the contact with HHV-7 occurs later than to HHV-6, predominantly after the age of four years. In children under 10 years, the seroprevalence to HHV-7 is lower than to HHV-6. The sample size of our study is too small to extrapolate on Russian population and other seroprevalence studies are needed.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):89-92
89-92
TRENDS OF CONTEMPORARY LEPTOSPIROSIS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Abstract
A review of the literature is devoted to one of the most common and clinically significant zoonoses - leptospirosis. The article summarizes modern information on prevalence, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical features, diagnosis of leptospirosis infection over the last 10 years. The particular attention is paid to the characterization of severe forms of the disease, complex approaches to the treatment of the disease, correction of organ dysfunction and hemostasis disorders; review.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):93-100
93-100
NIKOLAY FEDOROVICH GAMALEYA - TALENTED ORGANIZER OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ON THE 160TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)
Abstract
In the article, there is presented the life and career of a prominent domestic epidemiologist, the talented organizer of the medical science, well-known public figure, a wonderful teacher, professor, Nikolay Fedorovich Gamaleya.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;23(2):101-104
101-104
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: № 014448 от 08.02.1996.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 80652 от 15.03.2021 .
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: № 014448 от 08.02.1996.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 80652 от 15.03.2021 .