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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Biological Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Biological Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы биологической, медицинской и фармацевтической химии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9596</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-7313</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">680492</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/25877313-2025-05-06</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pharmaceutical chemistry</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Фармацевтическая химия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Physico-chemical control of lake Sevan water quality</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физико-химический контроль качества воды озера Севан</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5422-1449</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7573-3275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atoyan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атоян</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical Institute, Master's student, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский институт, магистрант, кафедра фармацевтической и токсикологической химии</p></bio><email>meri.atoyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-4253</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1261-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barsegyan</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барсегян</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Pharm.), Head of the Department of Forensic Chemical and Toxicological Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н., зав. отделением судебно-химических и химико-токсикологических исследований</p></bio><email>areviklu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-2888</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7573-3270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Pharm.), Medical Institute, Assistant, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н., Медицинский институт, ассистент кафедры фармацевтической и токсикологической химии</p></bio><email>skretti@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2673-6203</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3912-4027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Djavakhyan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джавахян</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute of Pharmacy, Chief Research Scientist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.фарм.н., доцент, зам. директора Института фармации; гл. науч. сотрудник</p></bio><email>akopovamarina13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1334-5992</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1273-2576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachaturyan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатурян</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Medical Institute, Research Assistant, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., доцент, Медицинский институт, науч. сотрудник кафедры фармацевтической и токсикологической химии</p></bio><email>mar.982@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-980X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1273-2555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleteneva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плетенёва</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Chem.), Medical Institute, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.х.н., профессор, Медицинский институт, профессор кафедры фармацевтической и токсикологической химии</p></bio><email>tvplet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2030-05-31"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1560-9596/article/view/680492">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1560-9596/article/view/680492</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introdoction</bold><bold>. </bold>The high-altitude lake of the Caucasus – Sevan, is a natural source of water for the population and agricultural lands, including areas for growing medicinal plant raw materials. Against the background of anthropogenic impact, there is active development of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, as well as exceeding the normative values of heavy metals in both the Large and Small Sevan lakes.</p> <p><bold>Objective of the study </bold>– to apply physicochemical methods of analysis, used in pharmacopoeial analysis, to assess the water quality of Lake Sevan.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> Water quality monitoring of Lake Sevan was conducted using electrochemical methods (conductometry and potentiometry), water dispersity was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), the content of essential elements and heavy metals was determined (X-ray fluorescence analysis – XRF), and potentially toxic organic compounds were investigated (IR spectroscopy and HPLC-MS, GC-MS).</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The average values of specific electrical conductivity and the corresponding concentrations of standard salt solutions indicate the absence of statistical differences for waters of different seasons, i.e. they do not depend on temperature fluctuations and the environmental load on the lake. The waters of Lake Sevan have a pH of 8.6–8.9. The waters are characterized by polydispersity with maxima at 164 nm and in the range from 255 to 342 nm. The IR spectra of the residues after water removal demonstrated the presence of organic compounds of different classes, the content of which is higher in summer. Traces of potentially toxic compounds were detected using the chromatographic method. Inorganic components are ranked by content: Cl (2.3%) &gt; K (0.7%) &gt; S (0.5%) &gt; Ca (0.41%) &gt; Br (107 ppm) &gt; Zn (38 ppm) &gt; Fe (23 ppm) &gt; Mn (6.2 ppm) &gt; Cu (2.1 ppm).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>The analysis of water samples from Lake Sevan in summer and winter demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring their quality using pharmacopoeial physicochemical methods. Lake Sevan is a sustainable ecosystem that requires careful management to avoid its negative transformation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Высокогорное озеро Кавказа – Севан является естественным источником воды для населения и сельскохозяйственных угодий, включая участки выращивания лекарственного растительного сырья. На фоне антропогенного воздействия наблюдается активное развитие фитопланктона и цианобактерий, а также отмечается превышение нормативных значений тяжелых металлов в Большом и Малом Севане.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка качества воды озера Севан физико-химическими методами, используемыми в фармакопейном анализе.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Мониторинг качества воды озера Севан проведен электрохимическими методами (кондуктометрия и потенциометрия), оценена дисперсность воды методом динамического светорассеяния. Содержание эссенциальных элементов и тяжелых металлов установлено с помощью рентгено-флуоресцентного анализа. Потенциально токсичные соединения органической природы исследованы методами ИК-спектрометрии, ВЭЖХ-МС, ГХ-МС.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Средние значения удельной электропроводности и соответствующих им концентраций растворов солевого стандарта свидетельствуют об отсутствии статистических различий для вод разных сезонов, то есть не зависят от температурных колебаний и экологической нагрузки на озеро. Воды озера Севан имеют рН 8,6–8,9. Воды характеризуются полидисперсностью с максимумами при 164 нм и в интервале от 255 до 342 нм. ИК-спектры остатков после удаления воды продемонстрировали присутствие органических соединений разных классов, содержание которых выше в летнее время. Хроматографическим методом обнаружены следы потенциально токсичных соединений. Неорганические компоненты ранжированы по содержанию: Cl (2,3%) &gt; K (0,7%) &gt; S (0,5%) &gt; Ca (0,41%) &gt; Br (107 ppm) &gt; Zn(38 ppm) &gt; Fe(23 ppm) &gt; Mn(6,2 ppm) &gt; Cu(2,1 ppm).</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Анализ проб воды озера Севан в летний и зимний периоды продемонстрировал возможность контроля их качества фармакопейными физико-химическими методами. Озеро Севан является устойчивой экосистемой, требующей бережного отношения во избежание её негативной трансформации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lake Sevan</kwd><kwd>water quality</kwd><kwd>physicochemical methods</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>озеро Севан</kwd><kwd>качество воды</kwd><kwd>физико-химические методы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaginyan S.M., Sargsyan M.A. The impact of heavy metals on fish health in Lake Sevan and the reflection of the results on human health as their consumers. International Scientific Research Journa. 2015; 4(35), 104−106. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шагинян С.М., Саргсян М.А. Влияние тяжёлых металлов на здоровье рыб в озере Севан и отражение результатов на здоровье человека как их потребителей. 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