Current HIV ResearchCurrent HIV ResearchCurrent HIV Research1570-162X1873-4251Bentham Science64415210.2174/011570162X294091240812062836MedicineResearch ArticleIdentification of Two HIV-1 CRF01_AE/B Recombinant Forms and a CRF01_AE/B/C Recombinant Form in Hebei Province, ChinaTangXiangyuninfo@benthamscience.netLiuMenginfo@benthamscience.netAnNinginfo@benthamscience.netZhangXinyuinfo@benthamscience.netWangYingyinginfo@benthamscience.netLiYaninfo@benthamscience.netLuXinliinfo@benthamscience.netDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionSchool of Public Health, Hebei Medical University0105202422529830707012025Copyright ©; 2024, Bentham Science Publishers2024Bentham Science Publishershttps://journals.eco-vector.com/1570-162X/article/view/644152

Background:In the Hebei province, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type one (HIV-1) recombinant strains of subtypes B, C, and CRF01_AE are emerging very rapidly and diversely.

Objective:In order to confirm the characteristics of novel recombination forms, we aimed to analyze HIV-1 Near-full-length Genome sequences (NFLGs) obtained from three Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in this study.

Methods:Phylogenetic trees were constructed and breakpoints analysis was performed based on the NFLGs and each gene fragment to examine the gene recombination patterns of three new HIV-1 NFLGs.

Results:HIV-1 subtypes CRF01_AE and B were combined to generate the recombinant structures of the NFLGs 610 and 687. CRF01_AE, B, and C were combined to generate the recombinant structures of the NFLG 825. According to the NFLG phylogenetic tree, the NFLG 825 clustered with CRF65_cpx and the NFLGs 610 and 687 clustered with CRF68_01B. The recombination breakpoints analysis revealed that the recombination pattern of the NFLGs 610 and 687 was the insertion of subtype B fragment into the CRF01_AE backbone. Subregions I, II, and III were derived from CRF01_AE, subtype B, and CRF01_AE, respectively. The recombination pattern of the NFLG 825 contained ten fragments of subtypes CRF01_AE, C, and B. Finally, the above factors were formed using phylogenetic trees and breakpoints analysis, which were combined to get two CRF68_01B forms and one CRF65_cpx form.

Conclusion:Our findings have suggested that it is crucial to keep an eye on the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in Hebei province.

HIV-1novel recombination formsAIDSNFLGsphylogenetic trees and breakpoints analysisMSM.Yamaguchi J, Vallari A, McArthur C, et al. Brief report: Complete genome sequence of CG-0018a-01 establishes HIV-1 subtype L. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 83(3): 319-22. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002246 PMID: 31693506HIV Sequence Database. HIV Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs). 2023. Available from: https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/crfdb/crfs.comphttps://www.hiv.lanl.gov/-components/sequence/HIV/crfdb/crfs.compUNAIDS. Global HIV AIDS statistics. 2023. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheetZhong P. Progress in research and practice of molecular epidemiology of HIV-1. Electro J EmergInfect Diseas 2019; 4(3)Han MJ. Analysis of the HIV epidemic in China and prospects for prevention and treatment. Chin J AIDS STD 2023; 29(03): 247-50.Li X, Gao R, Zhu K, et al. Genetic transmission networks reveal the transmission patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in China. Sex Transm Infect 2018; 94(2): 111-6. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-053085 PMID: 28784618Zhao J, Chen L, Chaillon A, et al. The dynamics of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6(1): 28703. doi: 10.1038/srep28703 PMID: 27352965Tang W, Mahapatra T, Liu F, et al. Burden of HIV and syphilis: a comparative evaluation between male sex workers and non-sexworker men who have sex with men in urban China. PLoS One 2015; 10(5): 126604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126604 PMID: 25961721Li Z, Liao L, Feng Y, et al. Trends of HIV subtypes and phylogenetic dynamics among young men who have sex with men in China, 2009–2014. Sci Rep 2015; 5(1): 16708. doi: 10.1038/srep16708 PMID: 26577039Lu X, Zhao C, Wang W, et al. HIV-1 genetic diversity and its distribution characteristics among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Hebei province, China. AIDS Res Ther 2016; 13(1): 3. doi: 10.1186/s12981-015-0087-2 PMID: 26793263Chen S, Zhao H, Zhao C, et al. Eighteen-year follow-up report of the surveillance and prevention of an HIV/AIDS outbreak amongst plasma donors in Hebei Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15(1): 316. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1073-y PMID: 26245194Guo Z. Analysis on HIV/AIDS epidemic data in Hebei province during 1989 to 2009. Chin J 2010; 24(8): 737-8.Lu X, Kang X, Liu Y, et al. HIV-1 molecular epidemiology among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Hebei, a low HIV prevalence province in China. PLoS One 2017; 12(2): 171481. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171481 PMID: 28178737Yang X, Zhu H, An W, et al. Genetic characterization of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/ CRF07_BC recombinant form found among men who have sex with men in Baoding City, Hebei Province, China. Arch Virol 2022; 167(11): 2395-402. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05563-y PMID: 35945380Zhao Y, Gan X, Zhao D, et al. The antiviral treatment progress of AIDS in China and the consideration of promoting high-quality development. Chin J AIDS STD 2023; 29(6): 619-22.Hemelaar J, Loganathan S, Elangovan R, Yun J, Dickson-Tetteh L, Kirtley S. Country level diversity of the HIV-1 pandemic between 1990 and 2015. J Virol 2020; 95(2): 1580-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01580-20 PMID: 33087461Han X, An M, Zhang W, et al. Genome sequences of a novel hiv-1 circulating recombinant form, crf55_01b, identified in China. Genome Announc 2013; 1(1): 00050-12. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00050-12 PMID: 23405298Zhang W, Han X, An M, et al. Identification and characterization of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF59_01B) identified among men-who-have-sex-with-men in China. PLoS One 2014; 9(6): 99693. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099693 PMID: 24978029Zhang X, Wang Y, An N, et al. Near-full-length genomic characteristics of three novel human immunodeficiency virus-1 crf01_ae/c recombinant forms among men who have sex with men in hebei province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39(8): 442-51. doi: 10.1089/aid.2022.0173 PMID: 36924294Tang X, Liu M, An N, et al. Identification of two novel HIV-1 recombinant forms originated from CRF01_AE and subtype B in the sexual contact population in Hebei province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 39(2): 91-7. doi: 10.1089/aid.2022.0124 PMID: 36401497Xing Y, Wang L, Li Y, et al. Identification of a new HIV-1 intersubtype circulating recombinant form (CRF123_0107) in Hebei province, China. J Infect 2022; 84(3): 36-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.01.017 PMID: 35041920Lu X, Li Y, Wang Y, An N, Liu M, Li Q. Identification of a new hiv-1 crf68_01b/crf01_ae recombinant form among men who have sex with men in Hebei Province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38(10): 817-21. doi: 10.1089/aid.2022.0067 PMID: 35904401Zhou J, Lu X, Feng Y, et al. Genome sequence of a novel hiv-1 circulating recombinant form (crf103_01b) identified from Hebei Province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36(3): 234-41. doi: 10.1089/aid.2019.0196 PMID: 31482718Feng Y, Wei H, Hsi J, et al. Identification of a novel HIV Type 1 circulating recombinant form (CRF65_cpx) composed of CRF01_AE and subtypes B and C in Western Yunnan, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30(6): 598-602. doi: 10.1089/aid.2013.0233 PMID: 24279591Han L, Li H, Wang L, et al. Near full-length genomic characterization of two novel HIV-1 unique recombinant forms (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) among men who have sex with men in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37(12): 978-84. doi: 10.1089/aid.2021.0100 PMID: 34465138