Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical AcademyBulletin of the Russian Military Medical AcademyВестник Российской военно-медицинской академии1682-73922687-1424Eco-Vector63998110.17816/brmma639981DLTEOYReviewНаучные обзорыReview ArticleThe Future of Vitamin D: Extraskeletal EffectsБудущее витамина D: внескелетные эффектыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7074-87477787-1364KuchminAlexey N.КучминАлексей Николаевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

vmeda-nio@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9927-77795685-6375DiskalenkoOlga V.ДискаленкоОльга Вячеславовна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

vmeda-nio@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-18638985-7950IzotovaAnna B.ИзотоваАнна Борисовна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

vmeda-nio@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-43012901-9561EkimovVitaly V.ЕкимовВиталий Викторович
Russian Federation
vmeda-nio@mil.ruKirov Military Medical AcademyВоенно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова230620252722672762711202425032025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2025,2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/639981

This review highlights current Russian and international scientific data on the role of vitamin D in a wide range of physiological processes, with a special emphasis on its extraskeletal functions, clinical implications, and manifestations. A search and analysis of the medical scientific data from 2004 to 2023 was undertaken using the databases eLibrary.RU, the Russian National Library, and the Fundamental Library of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, and the international search platforms PubMed and Medscape. Key scientific publications were reviewed, including outcomes from preclinical studies on laboratory animals utilizing vitamin D supplements and clinical studies involving patients with vitamin D deficiency. It examines vitamin D metabolism and its involvement in the immune function, as well as in the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, nervous, reproductive, and other systems. Vitamin D deficiency is clearly reflected in the development, pathogenesis, and progression of diverse prevalent human diseases, including infectious, chronic inflammatory, allergic, systemic autoimmune, and various neoplastic conditions. The article highlights key historical milestones in the discovery of vitamin D and its metabolites, their health impacts, and the role of vitamin D deficiency in disease development. Preclinical and clinical studies have largely validated the effects of vitamin D at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels, including its role in regulating the function of various physiological systems as well as cellular proliferation and differentiation. Numerous long-term prospective studies are ongoing, linking low vitamin D levels to a wide spectrum of human diseases. This continues to generate considerable scientific interest and enthusiasm for exploring the effects of dietary vitamin D supplementation on human health, despite inconsistent results from clinical studies.

Представлены современные отечественные и зарубежные обобщенные данные научных исследований о роли витамина D в обеспечении множества физиологических процессов, в частности, внескелетных функций в организме, их значимости и клинических проявлениях. Поиск и анализ научной медицинской литературы осуществлен с 2004 по 2023 г. в базах данных научной электронной библиотеки eLibrary.ru, Российской национальной библиотеки, фундаментальной библиотеки Военно-медицинской академии им. С.М. Кирова, электронно-поисковых системах PubMed и Medscape. Изучены основные научные публикации, содержащие результаты доклинических исследований на лабораторных животных с применением добавок витамина D и клинических исследований пациентов, страдающих гиповитаминозом D. Рассмотрены особенности метаболизма витамина D, его участие в иммунитете, в системах кровообращения, дыхания, пищеварения, а также эндокринной, нервной, репродуктивной и других системах. Установлено, что недостаток «солнечного» витамина находит яркое отражение в формировании, патогенезе и течении целого ряда широко распространенных заболеваний человека, таких как инфекционные, хронические воспалительные, аллергические, системные аутоиммунные, различные неопластические состояния. Отражены важные исторические вехи в открытии «солнечного» витамина и его метаболитов, в изучении их влияния на здоровье человека и роль недостаточности данного витамина в развитии патологического процесса. Доклинические и клинические исследования в значительной степени подтверждают действие витамина D на клеточном, тканевом и органном уровнях на функционирование различных систем организма, пролиферацию и дифференциацию клеток. Множество долгосрочных проспективных исследований еще проходят, и в них связывают низкий уровень витамина D с различными заболеваниями человека. Это вызывает большой интерес и энтузиазм ученых в изучении эффекта добавок витамина D в рацион питания на здоровье человека даже с учетом неоднозначных результатов клинических исследований.

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