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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1682-7392</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1424</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">64670</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/brmma64670</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Trials</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A new molecular-genetic panel in the algorithm of diagnosis and treatment in patients with tiroid nodules</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новая молекулярно-генетическая панель в лечебно-диагностическом алгоритме у больных узловыми образованиями щитовидной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-7660</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3850-1792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashchenko</surname><given-names>Pavel N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромащенко</surname><given-names>Павел Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of medical sciences, professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>romashchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2571-9603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maistrenko</surname><given-names>Nicolay A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майстренко</surname><given-names>Николай Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of medical sciences, professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nik.m.47@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-2164</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2195-5001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivolapov</surname><given-names>Denis S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криволапов</surname><given-names>Денис Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of medical sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>d.s.krivolapov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-1875</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6004-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><email>mariasimonova62@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова МО РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Romashchenko P.N., Maistrenko N.A., Krivolapov D.S., Simonova M.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Ромащенко П.Н., Майстренко Н.А., Криволапов Д.С., Симонова М.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romashchenko P.N., Maistrenko N.A., Krivolapov D.S., Simonova M.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ромащенко П.Н., Майстренко Н.А., Криволапов Д.С., Симонова М.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/64670">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/64670</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The increase in the number of patients with thyroid nodules requires the development of the most effective methods of preoperative diagnosis, allowing timely detection and differentiation of follicular neoplasia and highly differentiated cancer. A comprehensive study was carried out, which made it possible to optimize the diagnosis and choice of therapeutic tactics in patients of this category through the use of a new molecular genetic panel. Results of examination and surgical treatment of 60 patients suffering from benign and malignant thyroid gland formations are analyzed, pre-operative diagnosis of which was supplemented by immunocytochemical and molecular genetic methods of studying cellular material obtained during fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The threshold value of the Galektin-3 expression level for the differential diagnosis of follicular neoplasia in the direction of adenomas or well-differentiated thyroid cancer was determined. The significance of the BRAF V600E gene mutation in the detection of papillary thyroid cancer, the features of its clinical course and the determination of rational surgical tactics was proved. The limit value of the sodium-iodide symporter for predicting the resistance of thyroid cancer to radioactive iodine therapy, which determines the need to expand the scope of surgical intervention, has been established. The place of these molecular genetic markers in the algorithm of diagnosis and treatment in patients with thyroid nodules was determined.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Увеличение числа больных узловыми образованиями щитовидной железы требует разработки наиболее эффективных методов предоперационной диагностики, позволяющих своевременно выявлять и дифференцировать фолликулярные неоплазии и высокодифференцированный рак. Проведено комплексное исследование, позволившее оптимизировать диагностику и выбор лечебной тактики у больных данной категории посредством использования новой молекулярно-генетической панели. Анализируются результаты обследования и хирургического лечения 60 пациентов, страдающих доброкачественными и злокачественными образованиями щитовидной железы, дооперационная диагностика которых была дополнена иммуноцитохимическими и молекулярно-генетическими методиками исследования клеточного материала, полученного при тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии. Определено пороговое значение уровня экспрессии Galektin-3 для дифференциальной диагностики потенциальной злокачественности фолликулярных неоплазий щитовидной железы. Доказана значимость мутации гена BRAF V600E в выявлении папиллярного рака, особенностей его клинического течения и определении рациональной хирургической тактики. Установлено предельное значение натрий-йодидного симпортера для прогнозирования резистентности рака щитовидной железы к терапии радиоактивным йодом, которая определяет необходимость расширения объема оперативного вмешательства. Определено место данных молекулярно-генетических маркеров в лечебно-диагностическом алгоритме у больных узловыми образованиями щитовидной железы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>thyroid nodules</kwd><kwd>thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>follicular neoplasms</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>thyroid surgery</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic panel</kwd><kwd>algorithm of diagnosis and treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>узловые образования щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>фолликулярные неоплазии</kwd><kwd>хирургия щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечебно-диагностический алгоритм</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая панель</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brynova OV. 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