Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical AcademyBulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy1682-73922687-1424Eco-Vector6467010.17816/brmma64670Research ArticleA new molecular-genetic panel in the algorithm of diagnosis and treatment in patients with tiroid nodulesRomashchenkoPavel N.<p>doctor of medical sciences, professor</p>romashchenko@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-7660MaistrenkoNicolay A.<p>doctor of medical sciences, professor</p>nik.m.47@mail.ruKrivolapovDenis S.<p>candidate of medical sciences</p>d.s.krivolapov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-2164SimonovaMaria S.<p>clinical resident</p>mariasimonova62@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-1875Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation1506202123275820504202101062021Copyright © 2021, Romashchenko P.N., Maistrenko N.A., Krivolapov D.S., Simonova M.S.2021<p>The increase in the number of patients with thyroid nodules requires the development of the most effective methods of preoperative diagnosis, allowing timely detection and differentiation of follicular neoplasia and highly differentiated cancer. A comprehensive study was carried out, which made it possible to optimize the diagnosis and choice of therapeutic tactics in patients of this category through the use of a new molecular genetic panel. Results of examination and surgical treatment of 60 patients suffering from benign and malignant thyroid gland formations are analyzed, pre-operative diagnosis of which was supplemented by immunocytochemical and molecular genetic methods of studying cellular material obtained during fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The threshold value of the Galektin-3 expression level for the differential diagnosis of follicular neoplasia in the direction of adenomas or well-differentiated thyroid cancer was determined. The significance of the BRAF V600E gene mutation in the detection of papillary thyroid cancer, the features of its clinical course and the determination of rational surgical tactics was proved. The limit value of the sodium-iodide symporter for predicting the resistance of thyroid cancer to radioactive iodine therapy, which determines the need to expand the scope of surgical intervention, has been established. The place of these molecular genetic markers in the algorithm of diagnosis and treatment in patients with thyroid nodules was determined.</p>thyroid glandthyroid nodulesthyroid cancerfollicular neoplasmsdifferential diagnosisthyroid surgerymolecular genetic panelalgorithm of diagnosis and treatmentщитовидная железаузловые образования щитовидной железырак щитовидной железыфолликулярные неоплазиихирургия щитовидной железыдифференциальная диагностикалечебно-диагностический алгоритммолекулярно-генетическая панель[Brynova OV. Diagnosis of thyroid diseases using liquid and traditional cytology. Russian news of clinical cytology. 2018;22(3–4):16–21. (In Russ.).][Maistrenko NA, Romashchenko PN, Krivolapov DS. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of thyroid disorders. Military medical journal. 2018;339(1):37–46. (In Russ.).][Reshetova ON, Ivantsova AA, Mokeev AG. 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