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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1682-7392</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1424</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">650761</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/brmma650761</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LWMQWS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Track-Etched Membranes for Flap-Sparing Skin Grafting</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение трековых мембран при осуществлении экономной кожной пластики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-2045</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4083-8481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hoang</surname><given-names>Huy T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоанг</surname><given-names>Хю Тоан</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аdjunct</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5552-0324</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2781-5408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chmyrev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чмырёв</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9343-0009</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4540-8143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paramonov</surname><given-names>Boris A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парамонов</surname><given-names>Борис Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3334-4768</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8682-4515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinkov</surname><given-names>Igor Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинков</surname><given-names>Игорь Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аdjunct</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-06-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/650761">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/650761</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Skin burns are among the most prevalent types of household and combat injuries. Burns are the sixth most prevalent type of injury in Russia, accounting for 2% of the total injury rate, which is more than 300,000 cases annually.</p> <p>Superficial burns are the most common type of burn injury and generally resolve without the need for significant medical intervention. However, deep injuries require urgent skin repair. The scarcity of donor tissues is a challenge of treating extensive burns. In such cases, flap-sparing and extra-flap-sparing surgical techniques are recommended.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This work aimed to assess the efficacy of track-etched membranes in a wide range of pore sizes for wound coating in the surgical management of deep skin burns in an animal model.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study was conducted on 37 outbred rats. Two contact IIIB burn wounds were generated in the dorsal region of each animal. Eschars were then surgically excised down to the fascia. Skin autografts were transplanted at 24 hours after the burn injury. The postoperative wounds were then covered with a gauze cloth impregnated with Levomekol ointment or a track-etched membrane wound dressing with pore sizes ranging from 0.6 to 4 µm. The dressing was first changed on postoperative day 3 and then after 2 or 3 days. The observation period was 28 days. The transplanted graft survival, mean wound-healing rate, and time to complete wound healing were assessed. Changes in wound moisture levels and moisture loss through the wound dressing were measured.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> For the treatment of deep burns, both versions of track-etched membranes were shown to be superior to conventional gauze bandage with water-soluble ointment with regard to the following criteria: transplanted graft survival (28% and 34% higher), mean wound-healing rate (0.49%/day and 0.94%/day more), and time to complete healing (2.3 and 3.9 days less). Furthermore, track-etched membranes reduced the moisture loss of the wound (29% and 24% less vs a gauze bandage), promoted the moisture retention of the wound (94% and 62% higher vs a gauze bandage), prevented wound drying, and created a favorable environment for wound healing. Track-etched membranes with large pores (4 µm) offered 9% higher moisture permeability than those with 0.6-µm pores did. Track-etched membranes with 4-µm pores used for burn wound closure after surgical debridement were demonstrated to facilitate wound drainage and reduce healing time compared with those with 0.6-µm pores (with healing times 1.7 days shorter and a mean healing rate of 0.44%/day higher).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Track-etched membranes with large pores (4 µm) provide the highest rate of graft survival after the surgical excision of the eschar and create a favorable environment for wound edge reepithelization. Track-etched membranes offer a reliable solution for wound protection against infection and for maintaining proper water balance.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Ожоги кожи — одни из наиболее частых видов бытовой и боевой травмы. В Российской Федерации ожоги занимают 6-е место (2%) в общей структуре травматизма, что составляет более 300 тыс. пострадавших в год.</p> <p>Чаще всего встречают поверхностные ожоги, которые способны заживать самостоятельно. При глубоком поражении необходимо оперативно восстанавливать кожный покров. В случае обширных ожогов возникает проблема, связанная с дефицитом донорских ресурсов. В этом случае необходимо применять «экономные» и «сверхэкономные» способы кожной пластики.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — в эксперименте на животных выявить эффективность применения раневых покрытий на основе трековых мембран с различными размерами пор при хирургическом лечении глубоких ожогов кожи.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследование проведено на 37 беспородных крысах. Всем животным в области спины наносили контактным способом по 2 ожоговые раны III Б степени, после чего оперативным путем производили иссечение струпа до фасции. Через 24 ч после нанесения ожога осуществляли пересадку кожных аутотрансплантатов. Послеоперационные раны закрывали марлевой салфеткой с мазью левомеколь и раневым покрытием на основе трековых мембран с порами диаметром 0,6 и 4 мкм. Первую перевязку выполняли на 3-и сутки после операции и далее через 2–3 сут. Срок наблюдения составил 28 сут. Оценивали приживаемость пересаженных трансплантатов, индекс средней скорости заживления ран и сроки завершения заживления ран. В динамике оценивали водный баланс ран по влагосодержанию ран и величине их влагопотери через раневое покрытие.</p> <p><bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Установлено, что при лечении глубоких ожогов оба варианта трековых мембран превосходят традиционное лечение марлевыми повязками с водорастворимой мазью по всем критериям: приживаемости пересаженных трансплантатов (на 28 и 34% выше), индекс средней скорости заживления ран (на 0,49 и 0,94%/сут больше), срокам заживления (на 2,3 и 3,9 сут меньше). Кроме этого, они способствуют снижению влагопотери из раны (на 29 и 24% по сравнению с марлевой повязкой), сохраняют влагу в ране (на 94 и 62% по сравнению с марлевой повязкой), предотвращают высыхание ран и создают благоприятную среду для их заживления. Вариант трековых мембран с крупными порами (4 мкм) пропускает влагу больше, чем вариант с порами 0,6 мкм (на 9%). При закрытии постнекрэктомических ожоговых ран трековыми мембранами с порами 4 мкм лишнее раневое отделяемое в ране не скапливается и заживление идет быстрее, чем в варианте с порами 0,6 мкм (срок заживления на 1,7 сут меньше, индекс средней скорости заживления ран на 0,44%/сут больше).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Аппликация трековой мембраны с крупными (4 мкм) порами обеспечивает наиболее высокий уровень приживления кожных трансплантатов в ране после хирургического иссечения ожогового струпа и создает благоприятные условия для краевой эпителизации. Трековая мембрана надежно защищает рану от внешнего инфицирования и оптимизирует ее водный баланс.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wound dressing</kwd><kwd>burns</kwd><kwd>burn wounds after surgical debridement</kwd><kwd>skin autografts</kwd><kwd>skin grafting</kwd><kwd>track-etched membranes</kwd><kwd>skin graft survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>раневые покрытия</kwd><kwd>ожоги</kwd><kwd>постнекрэктомические ожоговые раны</kwd><kwd>кожные аутотрансплантаты</kwd><kwd>кожная пластика</kwd><kwd>трековые мембраны</kwd><kwd>приживаемость кожных трансплантатов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>All-Russian public organization “Association of combustologists “World without burns”. Clinical recommendations. Thermal and chemical burns. Sunburns. Burns of the respiratory tract. 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