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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1682-7392</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1424</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">70384</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/brmma70384</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Trials</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnosis and t-staging of gastric cancer: comparison of standard computed tomography and computed-tomographic pneumogastrography</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностика и т-стадирование рака желудка: сравнение стандартной компьютерной томографии и компьютерно-томографической пневмогастрографии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-001X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9055-6450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelina</surname><given-names>Inna D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелина</surname><given-names>Инна Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>dr.innamelina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-1658</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9559-7880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevkunov</surname><given-names>Lev N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевкунов</surname><given-names>Лев Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of sciences in medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>levka1978@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6641-7229</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6505903635</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAC-4011-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6088-9313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachun</surname><given-names>Aleksey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачун</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of sciences in medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>dr.a.karachun@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhnin</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михнин</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of sciences in medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>dr-alex5@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-6864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterov</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестеров</surname><given-names>Денис Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of sciences in medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>cireto@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Петрова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after Academician A.M. Granova</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Amelina I.D., Shevkunov L.N., Karachun A.M., Mikhnin A.E., Nesterov D.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Амелина И.Д., Шевкунов Л.Н., Карачун А.М., Михнин А.Е., Нестеров Д.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amelina I.D., Shevkunov L.N., Karachun A.M., Mikhnin A.E., Nesterov D.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амелина И.Д., Шевкунов Л.Н., Карачун А.М., Михнин А.Е., Нестеров Д.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/70384">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1682-7392/article/view/70384</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The advantages of computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy in diagnosing gastric cancer are considered. The study included 479 patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer who were treated at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov from 2011 to 2018. 232 patients received preoperative chemotherapy. All patients underwent surgery: 70 —in the volume of endoscopic dissection, 40 — proximal subtotal resection, 166 — distal subtotal resection, 203 — gastrectomy. All patients at the preoperative stage underwent staging computed tomography on a 64-slice X-ray computed tomograph: 208 patients underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol without targeted preparation of the stomach for the study, 271 patients with targeted preparation of the stomach for the study according to the computed tomographic pneumogastrography protocol. The sensitivity of the computed tomography in assessing the T-stage was assessed by comparison with pathomorphological data. Of the 208 patients who underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol, a gastric cancer was detected in 111 (53.4%), out of 271 patients who underwent computed tomography pneumogastrography, a gastric cancer was detected in 267 (98.52%), which is a statistically significant difference in comparing computed tomography methods (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 144.223, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). There are statistically significant differences when comparing computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in detecting gastric cancer for all tumor categories: T/yT1 — 8.2 and 94.4% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 99.205, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), T/yT2 — 47.8 and 100% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 24.681, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), T/yT3 — 72.3 and 100% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 33.114, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), T/yT4 — 90.0 and 100% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 4.789, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> = 0.029) respectively. There are also statistically significant differences when comparing the sensitivity of computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in determining tumor invasion for all tumor categories: T/yT1 — 0 and 69.4% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 67.880, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), T/yT2 — 26.1 and 71.1% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 11.666, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), T/yT3 — 32.9 and 84.6% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 54.900, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), T/yT4 — 73.3 and 95.7% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 7.916, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> = 0.005) respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the computed tomography according to the standard protocol for determining the T-stage of gastric cancer was 28.4%, computed tomographic pneumogastrography — 77.1% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 113.505, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy significantly increases the indicators of the effectiveness of diagnosing gastric cancer — both early forms (category T1) and with deeper invasion (categories T2–T4), demonstrates high sensitivity in determining T/yT-stages.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассматриваются преимущества компьютерно-томографической пневмогастрографии с возможностью трехмерной визуализации и виртуальной гастроскопией в диагностировании рака желудка. В исследование вошли 479 пациентов, с гистологически установленным диагнозом рак желудка, проходившие лечение в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре онкологии имени Н.Н. Петрова с 2011 по 2018 г. Из них 232 пациента получили предоперационную химиотерапию. Все пациенты были прооперированы: 70 — в объеме эндоскопической диссекции, 40 была выполнена проксимальная субтотальная резекция, 166 — дистальная субтотальная резекция, 203 — гастрэктомия. Всем пациентам на дооперационном этапе была проведена стадирующая компьютерная томография на 64-срезовом рентгеновском компьютерном томографе: 208 больным — компьютерная томография по стандартному протоколу без прицельной подготовки желудка к исследованию, 271 больному — с прицельной подготовкой желудка к исследованию по протоколу компьютерно-томографической пневмогастрографии. Чувствительность компьютерной томографии в оценке Т-стадии оценивались путем сравнения с патоморфологическими данными. Из 208 пациентов, которым была выполнена компьютерная томография по стандартному протоколу, опухоль желудка выявлена у 111 (53,4%), из 271 пациентов, которым была выполнена компьютерно-томографическая пневмогастрография, опухоль желудка выявлена у 267 (98,52%), что является статистически значимым различием в сравнении методов компьютерной томографии (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 144,223, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Выявлены статистически значимые различия при сравнении компьютерной томографии по стандартному протоколу и компьютерно-томографической пневмогастрографии в диагностировании рака желудка для всех категорий опухоли: Т/уТ1 — 8,2 и 94,4% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 99,205, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), Т/уТ2 — 47,8 и 100% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 24,681, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), Т/уТ3 — 72,3 и 100% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 33,114, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), Т/уТ4 — 90 и 100% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 4,789, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> = 0,029) соответственно. Также имеются статистически значимые различия при сравнении чувствительности компьютерной томографии по стандартному протоколу и компьютерно-томографической пневмогастрографии в определении опухолевой инвазии для всех категорий опухоли: Т/уТ1 — 0 и 69,4% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 67,880, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), Т/уТ2 — 26,1 и 71,1% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 11,666, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), Т/уТ3 — 32,9 и 84,6% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 54,900, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), Т/уТ4 — 73,3 и 95,7% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 7,916, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> = 0,005) соответственно. В целом чувствительность компьютерной томографии по стандартному протоколу в отношении определения Т-стадии рака желудка составила 28,4%, компьютерно-томографической пневмогастрографии — 77,1% (Pearson, <italic>χ</italic>² — 113,505, <italic>df</italic> = 1; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Компьютерно-томографическая пневмогастрография с возможностью трехмерной визуализации и виртуальной гастроскопией значительно повышает показатели эффективности диагностирования рака желудка − как ранних форм (категории Т1), так и с более глубокой инвазией (категории Т2–Т4), демонстрирует высокие показатели чувствительности в определении Т/уТ-стадии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>early gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>scanning protocol</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>computed tomography pneumogastrography</kwd><kwd>virtual gastroscopy</kwd><kwd>T-stage</kwd><kwd>yT-stage</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>ранний рак желудка</kwd><kwd>протокол сканирования</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>компьютерно-томографическая пневмогастрография</kwd><kwd>виртуальная гастроскопия</kwd><kwd>Т-стадия</kwd><kwd>уТ-стадия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caprin AD, Starinsky VV, Petrov GV. 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