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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Informacionnye Tehnologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Informacionnye Tehnologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Информационные технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-6400</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">New Technologies Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702143</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/it.31.604-616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Database</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Базы данных</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluating query cardinality by double caching of subquery records</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка кардинальности запросов методом двойного кеширования записей таблиц базы данных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorev</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sc., Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>grigorev@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pluzhnikova</surname><given-names>O. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плужникова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ст. преподаватель</p></bio><email>pluzhnikova@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>616</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Informacionnye Tehnologii</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Информационные технологии</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Informacionnye Tehnologii</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Информационные технологии</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1684-6400/article/view/702143">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1684-6400/article/view/702143</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Estimating cardinality (the number of records) plays a key role in creating effective query execution plans in a DBMS. In previous works, the authors have developed a selective Evaluation Cardinality (EVACAR) method, which has advantages over existing methods for evaluating the cardinality of query plans. The article presents the results of modification of the ENVACAR method due to double caching of database table entries. The experimental results confirming the effectiveness of the developed optimization method and its advantage over existing modern BayesCard, DeepDB and FLAT methods are presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Оценка кардинальности (числа записей) играет ключевую роль в создании эффективных планов выполнения запросов в СУБД. В предыдущих работах авторов был разработан выборочный метод Evaluation Cardinality (EVACAR), который имеет преимущества по сравнению с существующими методами оценки кардинальности планов запросов. В статье приведены, результаты модификации метода EVACAR за счет двойного кеширования записей таблиц базы, данных. Приведены результаты экспериментов, подтверждающие эффективность разработанного метода оптимизации и его преимущество по сравнению с существующими современными методами BayesCard, DeepDB и FLAT.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardinality estimation</kwd><kwd>CardEst</kwd><kwd>sampling</kwd><kwd>EVACAR</kwd><kwd>double caching</kwd><kwd>approximate calculation of aggregates</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оценка кардинальности</kwd><kwd>CardEst</kwd><kwd>выборка</kwd><kwd>EVACAR</kwd><kwd>двойное кеширование</kwd><kwd>приближенное вычисление агрегатов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu R., Wu Z., Chai C., Pfadler A., Ding B., Li G., Zhou J. Learned Query Optimizer: At the Forefront of AI-Driven Databases, EDBT, 2022, pp. 1—4, DOI: 10.48786/edbt.2022.56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu R. et al. 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