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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Informacionnye Tehnologii</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Informacionnye Tehnologii</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Информационные технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1684-6400</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">New Technologies Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">704075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/it.32.115-126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modeling and optimization</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Моделирование и оптимизация</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptive calibration of fuzzy models for early warning of emergency situations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Адаптивная калибровка нечетких моделей раннего предупреждения чрезвычайных ситуаций</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kureichik</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курейчик</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Tech. Sc., Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>vkur@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilchenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данильченко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Tech. Sc.,Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доц.</p></bio><email>vdanilchenko@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Southern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южный Федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Informacionnye Tehnologii</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Информационные технологии</issue-title><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Informacionnye Tehnologii</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Информационные технологии</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Informacionnye Tehnologii</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Информационные технологии</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1684-6400/article/view/704075">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1684-6400/article/view/704075</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper examines the problem of improving the quality and effectiveness of emergency forecasting in rapidly changing and uncertain conditions. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing frequency and complexity of emergency situations, as well as the heterogeneity, noisy nature, and incompleteness of monitoring data, which limit the applicability of traditional methods and fuzzy early warning models that do not take into account changes in the structure of input flows and real risk criteria. The goal of the study is to improve the accuracy and robustness of emergency forecasting by developing an adaptive method for calibrating fuzzy early warning models for emergency situations. The paper also proposes a mechanism for dynamically updating the parameters of membership functions and rule weights, ensuring stable and efficient model behavior in the face of structural shifts, noise, and missing observations. А software product was developed, and a computational experiment was conducted on various emergency scenarios, including changes in the intensity of input signals and abrupt shifts in data distribution. The obtained results confirm an increase in the quality of forecasting and a reduction in the level of fuzzy uncertainty compared to the baseline model without adaptation, while the root mean square error decreased by 26-40 %, and the level of uncertainty by 18-27 %, which indicates the practical applicability of the proposed approach in early warning and real-time monitoring systems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассматривается задача повышения качества и эффективности прогнозирования чрезвычайных ситуаций (ЧС) в быстро изменяющихся и неопределенных условиях. Актуальность исследования обусловлена ростом частоты и сложности ЧС, а также разнородностью, шумовым характером и неполнотой данных мониторинга, что ограничивает применимость традиционных методов, а также нечетких моделей раннего предупреждения, не учитывающих изменение структуры входных потоков и реальных критериев риска. Цель работы заключается в повышении точности и устойчивости прогнозирования ЧС за счет разработки адаптивного метода калибровки нечетких моделей раннего предупреждения ЧС. В работе также предложен механизм динамического обновления параметров функций принадлежности и весов правил, обеспечивающий стабильное и результативное поведение модели в условиях структурных сдвигов, шумов и пропусков наблюдений. Создан программный продукт и проведен вычислительный эксперимент на различных сценариях развития ЧС, включающих изменения интенсивности входных сигналов и резкие изменения распределения данных. Полученные результаты подтверждают повышение качества прогнозирования и снижение уровня нечеткой неопределенности по сравнению с базовой моделью без адаптации, при этом среднеквадратичная ошибка снизилась на 26...40 %, а уровень неопределенности — на 18...27 %, что свидетельствует о практической применимости предложенного подхода в системах раннего предупреждения и мониторинга в реальном времени.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early warning of emergency situations</kwd><kwd>fuzzy models</kwd><kwd>adaptive calibration</kwd><kwd>uncertainty</kwd><kwd>forecasting</kwd><kwd>intelligent systems</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>раннее предупреждение чрезвычайных ситуаций</kwd><kwd>нечеткие модели</kwd><kwd>адаптивная калибровка</kwd><kwd>неопределенность</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные системы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation project No. 22-71-10121-П, https://rscf.ru/project/22-71-10121-П/ implemented by the Southern Federal University.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-71-10121-П, https://rscf.ru/project/22-71-10121-П/ в Южном федеральном университете.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vafaei N., Ribeiro R. 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