Vol 24, No 3 (2017)

This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the aging process in the occupational neurotoxicosis. Acceleration rate of biological aging has been demonstrated in trained workers of a chemical factory exposed to vinylchloride, metallic mercury vapor in patients with newly proven diagnosis - chronic elemental mercury intoxication and chronic elemental mercury intoxication in the long-term period in 1.9; 2.8; 7.2; 7.5 times compared to the rate of a control group. Six-time increase in the proportion of patients with acceleration rate of aging compared to the norm (70 % vs. 12 %) has been found out among fireman-liquidators. To study the interdependence of indicators characterizing the state of cognitive sphere and the rate of biological aging in patients with occupational neurointoxication a correlation analysis of the data of neuropsychological and clinical and physiological studies has been carried out. Raising of biological age and acceleration rate of biological aging in patients with neurointoxications are accompanied by disorders of categoric, conceptual, analytical - synthetical thinking, audio-verbal (short-term) and the visual image memory, spatial and dynamic praxis, objective gnosis, impressive and expressive speech, caused by deficiency of functioning of the frontal, parietal-temporal, parietal-occipital lobes, premotor and parietal regions of the left brain, overlap zone (tertiary temporo-parietal-occipital cortex).

Alternative toxicological methods used in Russia to assess safety of food and non-food products have been reviewed. Along with traditional toxicological methods of monitoring various alternative toxicological study techniques are used to assess product safety. Those are methods using biological test-objects, so-called biological test methods, or in vitro methods which are allowed to be used from the legislative viewpoint. Alternative toxicological methods are based on risk degree assessment of the studied object by response of living organisms (test-objects) to adverse factor exposure. Information resulting from applied bio-testing methods represents combined toxic effect of all toxicants present in the given medium and their simultaneous presence. When assessing product safety by toxicological indices using alternative biological models, general toxic and irritating effects are to be studied and the test-objects are cattle semen, luminescent bacteria, chick egg chorioallantoic membrane, human and animal cell cultures and isolated organs. In vitro methods with cattle semen and luminescent bacteria playing the role of test-objects are also used to assess alcohol product toxicity, in particular spirits and vodkas. Thus, alternative study methods are widely known and commonly used in practice to prove safety of consumer goods and alcohol-containing foodstuffs.

The article provides the evaluation results of the body functional state of mining production workers associated with the extraction and processing of loparite ore. The complex influence of the work conditions on appearance of autonomic dysfunction in the regulation of heart rate variability (HRV) was revealed in workers employed in the ore mining and processing. This dysfunction manifests in the stress indices increasing, earlier exhaustion of the adaptive reserves in comparison to the experimental group, decrease of the total autonomic nerve system effect on heart rate and the increase of the sympathetic nerve system impact to the HRV regulation. High contribution of the very low-frequency component to the spectral range of HRV of the surveyed shows the hyper adaptive state of the mining production workers. The failure of adaptation and a high degree of vulnerability to the environmental factors are the next stage of the body state. It was shown that the functional state of the body of underground miners (in the group of persons under 45 years of age) differed from functional state of ground workers. Furthermore the systolic and diastolic pressure were higher in a group of persons over 45 years old associated with underground work and work with high personal responsibility for production than in the group of persons working in the ground conditions. The obtained results showed that certain values of the HRV in miners group aged <45 years were typical for the older age group.

Intensification of oil and gas has led to socio-economic development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area (YaNAO) - one of the most northern regions of Russian raw materials, which contributed to improving life standard of living here people, and the reduction of social well-being and quality of life (QOL) of indigenous people. Development of the YaNAO was followed by mass inflow of human resources of mainly fertile age that led to rapid growth of the children's and adolescent's population - labor potential of the region's strategic development. Purpose: to give an assessment of risks of health problems and health-related QOL of the adolescents living in the Yamal's territory. Objects: 58 adolescents - the indigenous Nenets and the 26 - rooted inhabitants. The assessment of risks of health problems was carried out by means of the automated system of a quantitative assessment of risks of the major pathology syndromes (MPS). The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core tool was used for the health-related QOL assessment. Mathematical-statistical data processing was carried out by means of Statistica 8. In the group of Nenets, proportion of individuals with low MPS exceeded the proportion of individuals with high and extremely high (53,5% against 31,0 and 15,5p = 0.014 and p=0,000 correspondingly). Nenets differed in lower levels of risks of arterial hypertension (0,12 and 0,34 in young men, p=0,004); coronary heart disease, functional violations of respiratory organs, neurologic violations, and boundary mental disorders (0,22 and 0,53 in young men, p=0,012; 0,48 and 0,79 in girls, p=0,027; 0,36 and 0,66 on the whole, p=0,002). The MPS levels at young men were lower, than at girls regardless of an ethnic origin: among Nenets- arterial hypertension (0,12 and 0,36, p=0,001), liver functional disease (0,14 and 0,37, p=0,021), boundary mental disorders (0,22 and 0,48, p=0,013), among rooted inhabitants- functional gastrointestinal disorders (0,19 and 0,49, p=0,021). The QOL of all examined adolescents was characterized by high indicators of physical and social functioning. In general indices of the health-related QOL were higher in Nenets adolescents, than in rooted inhabitants. Further research is necessary and the attention should be paid not only on subjective but also an objective assessment of health status to analyze their interactions.

From 1 January 2015, the first Russian population-based injury register has been routinely used for registration of all traumas requiring medical assistance in the municipality of Shenkursk, Arkhangelsk region. It was built up on the injury registration model that was used in Harstad, Norway. The aims of the injury registry are to monitor injury rates and develop evidence-based preventive measures at the municipal level. The source of information about injures is an injury registration form which includes sections on type, place, time, preceding circumstances, mechanisms of accident, mechanisms of injury, alcohol consumption and socio-demographic characteristics of the injured. Inclusion criteria of the injury register are the ICD-10 codes S00-T78. Data registration is performed using EpiInfo 7 platform. Introduction of the injury register allows to observe, forecast and minimize the harm caused by injuries on a population level as well as to increase knowledge about factors contributing to the burden of injuries Identifying removable and modifiable factors which act as parts of mechanisms of accidents and injuries allows development of targeted preventive measures to decrease the burden of injuries among the population of the Shenkursk district.