Vol 20, No 2 (2016)

In the article, which consists of 3 parts, attempted a systematic review of existing foreign varieties of dental noble alloys. The first part is dedicated to the analysis of the existing dental standards and the author s classifications of dental alloys from scientific publications and educational editions. The second part of the study devoted to a detailed analysis of existing alloys for dental prostheses on the basis of gold. The third part provides material about the palladium alloy. The conclusion States the concept of development of dental materials science in the field of alloys ofprecious metals in the Russian Federation.

Presents the results of clinical and experimental and laboratory studies of regeneration of mineralized and soft tissues after exposure to radiation of Er: YAG laser with a wavelength of 2940 nm in laboratory animals, and the results of surgical treatment ofpatients with disease of the maxillofacial area. Analysis of study results showed that intraoperative and postoperative benefits of laser technology, the positive influence of laser radiation on the regeneration of tissues, as this is quicker process of wound healing and restoration of the bone defect. Clinical data correspond to the data of radiation, histological and biochemical methods.

The purpose of this research paper is optimization of surgical methods of treatment of patients with fractures, defects and deformities of orbital wall with a possibility of dynamic reversal of enophthalmos in postoperative period. In the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Novokuznetsk State Institute of Postgraduate Medicine was developed a method of abolition ofposttraumatic enophthalmos. The method is a discission 5 mm above mucogingivalfold in area from second to six molar region in the upperjaw and windowing to anteroexternal maxillary sinus wall. Into sinus cavity is inserted a G - type titanium mini plate with silicone slab and metallic support. G - type titanium mini plate has short and long parts which are deflected 90-110°. In the long part of miniplate there is a hole for a screw, in the short one there are holes for suture to fasten a silicone slab. A support is placed to lower third of burr hole and fixed with screws to anteroexternal maxillary sinus wall. The silicone slab is joined to the short part of G - type titanium mini plate and this part is got to the orbital floor defect. The long part is placed above the support andfixed to the upper ridge with a screw. Screwing in a long part is pressed on the bone and thus a short part is put in motion and shift an eyebulb up and forward. Early postoperative complications are not observed. Late postoperative complication in 1 month after surgery was changing the position of the eyeball downward 2 mm. Produced the correction position of the eyeball. In that way this method of treatment of orbital wall fractures and defects allows to reach a constant and strong fixation of bone fragments, management of an eyebulb position displacement due to made lever system not only in surgical treatment but in postoperative period.

In recent years many authors have noted the dominant influence of psychosocial factors in temporomandibular joint dysfunction development. The aim of the study is to assess the severity of pain, to reveal and study the features of emotional state and vegetative status of patients with TMJ disorders. 70 patients with TMJ dysfunction and 20 people without signs of pathology of the temporomandibular joint were involved in the study. The examination included assessment ofpain, emotional state and autonomic status. We used Visual-analog scale and pain questionnaire, Beck depression scale, Leongard-Shmishek test and mathematic analysis of heart rhythm. In the study we revealed characteristic features of the emotional state in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction such as expressed of accentuations on the scale of cyclotides and destinati (Leongard- Shmishek test), mild degree depression due to Back scale, and disturbances of vegetative balance in the form of moderate activation of sympathetic vegetative nervous system. The presence of characteristic features of the emotional state in patients with temporomandibularjoint dysfunction confirms the role ofstressfactors in the development and worsening of TMJ disorders and dictates the need to include in the algorithm of complex diagnostics consultation of neuropsychiatrist, and also allows the dentist to correctly carry out dental treatment in the scheme of complex therapy.

Using an electronic stethoscope and a computer program were examined 45 patients (female 22, male - 23) aged from 18 to 25 years with diseases of the temporomandibular joint. On the basis of entered into a computer program the algorithms exhibited a preliminary diagnosis, then all patients underwent cone - beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the temporomandibular joint using the apparatus of the PAX Reve 3D. Before conducting the study received written consent from the patient. Scanning parameters: current of200 mA, a voltage of 70 kV, the thickness of the tomographic layer is 2 mm, scanning step of 2 mm. Based on the analysis of tomograms was put the final diagnosis, established the percentage of coincidence of the diagnoses with the implementation of our computer program the analysis of audiograms, based on data from cone - beam computed tomography. The analysis obtained by using autodiagnostic data was performed using the computer program «Diagnosis of diseases of the temporomandibular joint», developed at the Department of propaedeutic dentistry SEIHPE SSMU Russian Ministry of health (certificate № 2015662495, the authors of Mishutin E.A., Korshunova K.P., Geletin P.N.). The diagnosis made on the basis of the analysis of radiodiagnostic computer program, was confirmed by cone - beam computed tomography in 38 patients, thus, the % overlap of diagnoses was 84.4%. The application of the developed computer program provides the following advantages: auscultation using an electronic stethoscope to detect audible signals of small amplitudes, to strengthen them and to carry out frequency selection, and the ability to transfer information into the personal computer and its storage in the database allows at different stages integrated therapy to carry out dynamic control. To implement the technique uses equipment that is available for most dental clinics, this method can be used for clinical examinations by a dentist children and teenagers, conscripts in the military for early diagnosis of TMJ pathology.

The article presents the results of a survey of 80 dentists of different specialties in Smolensk to identify used in practical health care methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with diseases of the temporomandibular joint. The authors used a specially designed questionnaire. The survey was carried out on paper, then conducted statistical analysis, was determined error of the mean is m and carried out the data analysis. Survey data indicate that every third of the respondents dentist 23 (28,75% ± 3,46%) never uses open-ended questions to identify TMJpathology, 32 specialists (40,0% ± 2,7%) interview only sometimes, but always - and only every fifth Respondent 22 (27,5% ± 3,2%) of the applicants, indicating lack of alertness of doctors in relation to the TMJ and the violation of the Protocol of examination of the patient. None of the interviewees dentists do not use such modern methods of diagnostics, myography, auscultation of TMJ, axiography, and radiation methods of diagnosis used only 31 dentist (38,75% ± 5,5%), of which computed tomography is used only 13 (41,94% ± 4.0 per cent), doctors, and MRI is the most informative method to diagnose internal disorders of TMJ, only 1 physician (3,23% ± 1,87%). As a result of the survey revealed a low level of knowledge of dentists on TMJ pathology, 90,0% ± 3,4% are experiencing difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ, and the doctors critically assess their knowledge in such a way that the average score is not exceeded 2.6. Analyzing methods of treatment of this pathology, which are used by dentists, it was found that 53 specialist (66,25% ± 3,79%) did not treat patients and only refer them to other specialists. The level of knowledge of dentists in Smolensk on TMJ pathology is insufficient applied methods of diagnosis is less informative, and used methods of treatment do not meet modern requirements.

The purpose of the research was to study the prevalence of salivary gland pathology in Altai region depending on the patients’ age and sex. The study found that the patients aged 31-60 were more likely to have been admitted to the in-patient department. The patients were predominantly female and the cause of hospitalization was salivolithiasis. Pleomorphic adenomas were prevalent among salivary gland neoplasms. The results of the study allow to determine the true incidence rate and the needs to provide the appropriate medical care to this group of patients in Altai region.

The role ofteeth crowding in gingivitis andperiodontitis development is discussed. The publications in bases Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Russian Science Citation Index were analyzed. The most of researchers notice high prevalence ofperiodontal diseases among persons with teeth crowding. The main etiological factors are plaque retention, traumatic occlusion and microcirculatory disturbances in periodontium. Recommendations for oral hygiene and choice of prophylactic toothpastes and rinses are given.