Interferon signature as a tool for stratifying response to immunomodulatory complexes of yeast RNA and ascorbic acid: molecular markers and prospects for personalized application

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  • Authors: Potupchik T.V.1, Ermolaev V.V.2, Generalov S.V.3, Alikin Y.S.4, Evert L.S.5, Fedotova T.S.6, Grishina K.N.6, Vladimirova D.S.7
  • Affiliations:
    1. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
    2. State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
    3. Federal State Scientific Institution “Russian Anti-Plague Research Institute “Microbe” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
    4. LLC “NPO Evolution of Nature”
    5. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanov” of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education
    6. The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
    7. Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
  • Issue: Vol 24, No 4 (2026)
  • Pages: 111-118
  • Section: Reviews
  • URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/717247
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2026-04-15
  • EDN: https://elibrary.ru/sqwqws
  • ID: 717247

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Abstract

Introduction. Immunomodulatory complexes based on yeast RNA and ascorbic acid are regarded as a natural multitarget platform capable of affecting innate immune receptors, interferon signaling and cellular redox balance. However, variability of the interferon response to such compositions and the reasons for differences between experimental models, batches and potential patient groups remain insufficiently understood.

Objective. To systematize current concepts of the interferon signature as a tool for assessing and stratifying response to yeast RNA and ascorbic acid complexes, to identify key molecular markers of efficacy and to propose a conceptual framework for their application.

Material and methods. An analytical review of Russian and international publications devoted to innate immunity, receptors recognizing exogenous RNA, interferon response, interferon-stimulated genes, redox regulation, immunomodulatory effects of ascorbic acid and critical quality attributes of RNA-containing compositions was performed.

Basic provisions. The interferon signature may be considered an integrated molecular profile reflecting interactions between the characteristics of the complex, the baseline state of target cells and parameters of innate immune response. The most promising components of this signature include TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, DDX58, IFIH1, MAVS, IRF3, IRF7, IFN-α/β, ISG15, MX1, OAS1, IFIT1 and CXCL10. Cellular redox status represents an important modifying contour.

Conclusion. The interferon signature is the most promising tool for the molecular stratification of the effectiveness of immunomodulatory complexes of yeast RNA and ascorbic acid. Its use makes it possible to move from a general description of immunotropic activity to a predictive assessment of response and to the development of personalized application schemes. The most promising area of further research is the integration of quality control of RNA compositions with a panel of laboratory markers that characterize the readiness of cells for an interferon response and its early implementation.

About the authors

Tatyana V. Potupchik

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: potupchik_tatyana@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1133-4447

Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology with a postgraduate course; Candidate of Medical Sciences

Russian Federation, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022

Vasiliy V. Ermolaev

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: ermolaev_vv@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-8743-1218

Junior Researcher

Russian Federation, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

Sergey V. Generalov

Federal State Scientific Institution “Russian Anti-Plague Research Institute “Microbe” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: svgeneraloff@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1461-5383

Leading Researcher; Candidate of Biological Sciences

Russian Federation, Universitetskaya St., 46, Saratov, 410005

Yuri S. Alikin

LLC “NPO Evolution of Nature”

Email: alikin@evolprir.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-8273-6348

Expert; Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

Russian Federation, Voskhod St., 20/1 premises 1.2, Novosibirsk, 630102

Lydia S. Evert

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanov” of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Email: lidiya_evert@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0665-7428

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of General Professional Disciplines, Medical Institute

Russian Federation, Abakan, 20/1 premises 1.2, 655017

Tatiana S. Fedotova

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: fedtanya23@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4594-4945

6th year student

Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117513

Kristina N. Grishina

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: kristina.grishina05@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3536-5877

6th year student

Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117513

Daria S. Vladimirova

Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: Dashavladimirova001@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-7386-7450

6th year student

Russian Federation, Litovskaya St., 2, Saint-Petersburg, 194100

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