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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113314</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2020-05-02</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hyaluronic acid in the cell cycle of tumor cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гиалуроновая кислота в клеточном цикле опухолевых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabarov</surname><given-names>V. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабаров</surname><given-names>В. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belushkina</surname><given-names>N. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белушкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор; Биологический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paltsev</surname><given-names>M. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальцев</surname><given-names>М. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, профессор</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvetnoy</surname><given-names>I. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кветной</surname><given-names>И. М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>igor.kvetnoy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of hyaluronic acid</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АНО «Научно-исследовательский центр гиалуроновой кислоты»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO5 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №5 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-05-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113314">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113314</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review considers the role of hyaluronic acid (HA), primarily low-molecular-weight fractions of HA, in the regulation of the cell cycle of tumor cells. The formation of a pool of low-molecular weight HA molecules is due to the high activity of hyaluronidases, absolutely prerequisite for the development of a tumor in the case of intensive cell division. There was also a high level of HA in tumor cells due to the increased activity of hyaluronate synthases HAS1, 2, 3. HA, interacting with the CD44 receptor, alter the functional activity of cytokines, regulatory proteins, and gene groups. This contributes to the continuous proliferation of the tumor cells and strengthens the processes associated with cell invasion and migration. The formation of a complex of receptors around CD44 plays an important role in the continuous activation of the cycle responses in tumor cells. In most types of normal cells, the activity of CD44 receptor genes is suppressed by the p53 protein. The degeneration of a normal cell into a tumor cell is usually associated with deletions and mutations of the p53 protein gene, resulting in high activity of the CD44 receptor. In the case of the native p53 protein gene, activation of the CD44 receptor gene is carried out due to a high concentration of IL-6 cytokine, which activates and supports a cascade of CD44 gene activation responses. As a resulT., there is a constant activity of a number of major regulatory proteins: C-Myc, c-Ras, c-Src, K-Ras, AkT., ERK, β-catenin, STAT3, etc., characteristic of tumor cells.'</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассмотрена роль гиалуроновой кислоты (ГК), в первую очередь - ее низкомолекулярных фракций, в регуляции клеточного цикла опухолевых клеток. Образование пула низкомолекулярных молекул ГК обусловлено высокой активностью гиалуронидаз и является абсолютной предпосылкой для развития опухоли в случае интенсивного деления клетки. Также отмечен высокий уровень ГК в опухолевых клетках за счет повышенной активности гиалуронансинтетаз HAS1, 2, 3. ГК, взаимодействуя с рецептором CD44, изменяют функциональную активность цитокинов, регуляторных белков и групп генов. Это способствует непрерывной пролиферации опухолевой клетки и усиливает процессы, связанные с инвазией и миграцией клеток. Важную роль в непрерывной активации реакций цикла у опухолевых клеток играет формирование комплекса рецепторов вокруг CD44. У большинства типов нормальных клеток активность генов рецепторов CD44 подавлена белком р53. Перерождение нормальной клетки в опухолевую обычно связано с делециями и мутациями гена белка р53, в результате чего наблюдается высокая активность рецептора CD44. В случае нативного гена белка р53 активация гена рецептора CD44 осуществляется за счет высокой концентрации цитокина ИЛ-6, который активирует и поддерживает каскад реакций активации гена CD44. В результате этого наблюдается постоянная активность ряда основных регуляторных белков: с-Myc, c-Ras, c-Src, K-Ras, AkT., ERK, β-катенина, STAT3 и др., свойственная опухолевым клеткам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CD44</kwd><kwd>hyaluronic acid</kwd><kwd>cell cycle</kwd><kwd>CD44</kwd><kwd>low molecular weight fraction of hyaluronic acid</kwd><kwd>tumor cell</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиалуроновая кислота</kwd><kwd>клеточный цикл</kwd><kwd>низкомолекулярная фракция гиалуроновой кислоты</kwd><kwd>опухолевая клетка</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Caon I., Bartolini B., Parnigoni A., Caravà E., Moretto P., Viola M., Karousou E., Vigetti D., Passi A. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer: The role of hyaluronan. 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