Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Молекулярная медицина1728-29182499-9490Russkiy Vrach Publishing House11331610.29296/24999490-2020-05-03ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleBiofilms formation and degradation: molecular and cellular mechanismsФормирование и деградация биопленок: молекулярно-клеточные механизмыKhomyakovaT. IХомяковаТ. И

кандидат медицинских наук

TereshinM. NТерешинМ. НEsipovR. SЕсиповР. С

доктор химических наук

MagomedovaA. DМагомедоваА. ДKozlovskayaG. VКозловскаяГ. ВKozlovskyYu. EКозловскийЮ. Е

кандидат биологических наук

KhomyakovYu. NХомяковЮ. Н

доктор биологических наук, кандидат медицинских наук

tatkhom@yandex.ruScientific Research Institute of Human MorphologyФГБНУ «Научно исследовательский институт морфологии человека»M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryФГБУН «Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова» РАНAnti-Plague control centerФКУЗ «Противочумный центр» Роспотребнадзора15052020185VOL 18, NO5 (2020)ТОМ 18, №5 (2020)182718112022Copyright ©; 2020, Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseCopyright ©; 2020, ИД "Русский врач"2020Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseИД "Русский врач"https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113316

Communities of microorganisms are a set of species that interact with each other and occupy the same niche where competitive or mutually beneficial relationships can occur. Biofilms are only one of many types of microbial communities, the study of which has become relevant in the last twenty years. A particular problem is the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria during their transition from a plankton lifestyle to a biofilm. The purpose of this review is to analyze current trends in the study of the mechanisms of biofilm formation, intercellular interaction in the formation of multicellular bacterial aggregates, primary adhesion, the relationship of bacteria in mature biofilms, the dispersion of them and distribution in the body. Data on the role of quorum sensing, G-proteins, and micro-RNA in the life cycle of biofilms are presented. The main components of the extracellular matrix are described at the molecular level, their production by microorganisms is presented. A separate chapter describes the results of the authors’ research on the development of effective probiotic bacteria capable to form biofilms on the walls of the colon mucosa. There is a proposed method for screening strains of potential probiotics as potential protectors and inhibitors of biofilm formation by competitive interaction with pathogens at the resulting adhesion sites.

Сообщества микроорганизмов - это совокупность видов, которые, взаимодействуя друг с другом, занимают одну и ту же нишу, где могут происходить конкурентные либо взаимовыгодные отношения. Биопленки - один из типов микробных сообществ, изучение которых стало актуально в последние 20 лет. Особую проблему представляет повышение антибиотикрезистентности бактерий при их переходе от планктонного образа существования к биопленке. Целью данного обзора является анализ современных представлений о механизмах формирования биопленок, межклеточного взаимодействия при формировании многоклеточных бактериальных агрегатов, первичной адгезии, взаимоотношении бактерий в зрелых биопленках, при дисперсии биопленок и распространении в организме. Приводятся данные о роли сигнальных взаимодействий между микроорганизмами, бактериальных G-белков и микро-РНК в жизненном цикле биопленок. Описаны основные компоненты внеклеточного матрикса и представлены молекулярно-клеточные механизмы их продукции микроорганизмами. Отдельный раздел описывает результаты собственных исследований авторов, посвященных разработке эффективно действующих бактерий-пробиотиков, способных формировать биопленки на стенках слизистой толстой кишки. Предлагается методика скрининга штаммов потенциальных пробиотиков как потенциальных протекторов и ингибиторов формирования биопленки путем конкурентного взаимодействия с патогенами на образующихся местах адгезии.

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