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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113338</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2020-06-01</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The principles of predictive genetic testing and screening in the concept of personalized medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Принципы предиктивного генетического тестирования и скрининга в концепции персонализированной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belushkina</surname><given-names>N. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белушкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading researcher Center of Immunology and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Professor, doctor of biological Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник Центра иммунологии и молекулярной биомедицины биологического факультета ФГБОУВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», профессор, доктор биологических наук</p></bio><email>belushkina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paltsev</surname><given-names>M. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальцев</surname><given-names>М. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director Center of Immunology and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор Центра иммунологии и молекулярной биомедицины биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>cimbm@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO6 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №6 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-06-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113338">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113338</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review discusses the principles of predictive genetic testing and screening in the concept of personalized medicine. The criteria for screening developed by WHO in 1968, as well as modern supplemented and refined criteria for genetic testing for multifactorial diseases are presented. The methodology of the evaluation of genetic tests on analytical and clinical reliability, clinical significance, and ethical, legal, and social consequences is considered. The approaches of international organizations involved in the assessment of health technologies, including genetic tests, are demonstrated. The currently predictive genetic testing of multifactorial diseases is noted to be promising for diseases whose pathogenesis is associated with single genes that obey the Mendelian laws of inheritance. In this case, predictive genetic testing is of interest in terms of prevention of the disease, individual treatment, and disease prognosis. When considering the introduction of predictive genetic testing in the public health system, along with clinical and cost-effectiveness, public health risks should be taken into account. The benefits of genetic testing as a personalized health care service should prevail over the risks associated with it. The development of the methodology for assessing and predicting the risks associated with predictive genetic testing, as well as improving the methods of managing risks, will achieve the main goal - to improve the efficiency of the health system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассмотрены принципы предиктивного генетического тестирования и скрининга в концепции персонализированной медицины. Представлены критерии проведения скрининга, разработанные ВОЗ в 1968 г., а также современные дополненные и уточненные критерии генетического тестирования для мультифакториальных заболеваний (МФЗ). Рассмотрена методология оценки проведения генетических тестов на основе аналитической и клинической достоверности, клинической значимости, этических, правовых и социальных последствий. Продемонстрированы подходы международных организаций, занимающимися оценкой технологий здравоохранения, в том числе генетических тестов. Отмечено, что в настоящее время проведение предиктивного генетического тестирования МФЗ перспективно в отношении тех заболеваний, патогенез которых связан с одиночными генами, подчиняющимся менделевским законам наследования. В этом случае предиктивное генетическое тестирование представляет интерес с точки зрения профилактики, индивидуального лечения и прогноза заболевания. При рассмотрении вопроса о внедрении предиктивного генетического тестирования в систему общественного здравоохранения наряду с клинической и экономической эффективностью необходимо учитывать риски здоровью населения. Преимущества генетического тестирования как персонализированных медицинских услуг должны превалировать над риском, связанным с его проведением. Развитие методологии оценки и прогнозирования рисков в случае проведения предиктивного генетического тестирования, а также совершенствование методов управления рисками позволит достичь главной цели - повысить эффективность системы здравоохранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic testing</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>multifactorial diseases</kwd><kwd>public health risk</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>мультифакториальные заболевания</kwd><kwd>риск здоровью населения</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Белушкина Н.Н., Чемезов А.С., Пальцев М.А. 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