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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2020-06-02</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular mechanisms of resistance development under targeted therapy on the example of cutaneous melanoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные механизмы развития резистентности при целевом воздействии на молекулярные мишени на примере меланомы кожи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruksha</surname><given-names>T. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукша</surname><given-names>Т. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of pathological physiology. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. MD, professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая кафедрой патологической физиологии им. В.В. Иванова. ФГБОУ ВО КрасГМУ им. проф. В.Ф.Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России. Доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>tatyana_ruksha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemtsov</surname><given-names>D. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земцов</surname><given-names>Д. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Pathological Physiology Department. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии им. В.В. Иванова.</p></bio><email>danil_zemtsov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrentiev</surname><given-names>S. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврентьев</surname><given-names>С. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Pathological Physiology Department. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии им. В.В. Иванова</p></bio><email>semyonlavrentev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Palkina</surname><given-names>N. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Палкина</surname><given-names>Н. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant of the Department of pathological physiology. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. Candidate of medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры патологической физиологии им. В.В. Иванова</p></bio><email>mosmannv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yessimbekova</surname><given-names>A. R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есимбекова</surname><given-names>А. Р</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Pathological Physiology Department. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии им. В.В. Иванова</p></bio><email>aleksandra.esimbekova.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО КрасГМУ им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO6 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №6 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-06-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113340">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113340</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cutaneous melanoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, which characterized by low effectiveness of chemotherapeutic antitumor agents. 50% of melanomas have a somatic mutation in BRAF oncogene, leading to uncontrolled activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade ensuring the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. The blocking of the BRAF gene mutation effects seemed to be a reasonable way to increase the effectiveness of melanoma therapy. However, the effectiveness of melanoma treatment in many patients is limited up to six months due to the development of acquired resistance. Acquired chemoresistance is related to the reactivation of signal pathways involved in the control of cell proliferation. Besides, several BRAF-positive melanomas exhibit intrinsic resistance due to mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Unveiling molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance to targeted therapy will allow developing more effective strategies for cancer diseases. This paper provides a review of the literature and our data as well as the results of clinical studies on a variety of resistance mechanisms and strategies for their elimination.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Меланома кожи является крайне гетерогенным злокачественным новообразованием, что обеспечивало традиционно низкую эффективность химиотерапевтических противоопухолевых препаратов. В 2002 г. было выявлено, что порядка 50% меланом имеют соматическую мутацию в онкогене BRAF, приводящую к неконтролируемой активации сигнального каскада митогенактивируемых протеинкиназ, тем самым играя важную роль в обеспечении пролиферации и выживаемости опухолевых клеток. Патогенетический подход, нацеленный на блокирование эффектов мутации данного гена, казался обоснованным способом повышения эффективности терапии заболевания. Тем не менее эффективность данного лечения у многих пациентов ограничена в среднем шестью месяцами из-за развития резистентности приобретенного генеза. Приобретенная резистентность опухолевых клеток, как правило, связана с реактивацией сигнальных каскадов, участвующих в регуляции клеточной пролиферации. Помимо приобретенной резистентности, у ряда пациентов с BRAF-положительной меланомой наблюдается внутренняя резистентность, обусловленная, в частности, мутациями генов-супрессоров опухолевого роста. Это обусловливает актуальность исследования молекулярных механизмов опухолевого роста, в том числе, функционирования механизмов внутриклеточной сигнализации. Понимание данных процессов позволит разрабатывать более эффективные стратегии лечения онкологических заболеваний. В статье представлен обзор литературы и собственных данных, а также результаты клинических исследований о характере механизмов резистентности и стратегий их устранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BRAFV600E</kwd><kwd>vemurafenib</kwd><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>BRAFV600E</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вемурафениб</kwd><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Maverakis E., Cornelius L.A., Bowen G.M., Phan T., Patel F.B., Fitzmaurice S., He Y, Burrall B., Duong C., Kloxin A.M., Hawa-Sultani H., Wilken R., Martinez S.R., Patel F. Metastatic melanoma - a review of current and future treatment options. 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