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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113359</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2021-01-01</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">NMDA receptors, anti-nmda receptor antibodies and their role in psychiatric and neuroinflammatory disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>NMDA-рецепторы, антитела к ним и их роль при различных психических и нейровоспалительных заболеваниях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Olga Valeryevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>uovnew@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>Konstantin Alexandrovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Константин Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>pkanew@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashko</surname><given-names>Alexey Andreevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашко</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>murashko.a@serbsky.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurina</surname><given-names>Olga Ivanovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурина</surname><given-names>Ольга Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the laboratory of neurochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель лаборатории нейрохимии, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>olga672@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmukler</surname><given-names>Alexander Borisovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмуклер</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy director for science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора по научной работе, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ashmukler@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФТБУ«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского» Минздрава Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - the Branch of V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский НИИ психиатрии - филиал ФТБУ «НМИЦПН им. В.П. Сербского» МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 19, NO1 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 19, №1 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113359">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113359</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Little is known about the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is one of the main pathological mechanisms occurring in various types of acute and chronic diseases of the central nervous system. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Recently, it has become evident that not only glutamate excess can cause massive brain damage. Several types of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies were found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various mental and neuroinflammatory disorders. These antibodies can lead to the death of neurons and impaired neuronal function inducing various pathological mechanisms in the central nervous system. The discovery of autoantibodies binding to NMDA receptors and causing neurological and psychiatric symptoms has led to the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms may underlie some cases of mental disorders. This paper reviews the pathological mechanisms of antibodies against NMDA receptors based on the disorder defined as anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a synaptic autoimmune disorder in which IgG autoantibodies against the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptors occur and trigger pathological processes, manifesting with psychiatric symptoms in particular. The research in other mental and neuroinflammatory disorders also showed the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in a small part of patients. But the role of antibodies against the NMDA receptors in the development of psychotic symptoms is not fully understood and requires further research. Studies in this area are extremely promising, opening up new opportunities for understanding the pathogenesis of this group of disorders and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Об этиологии нервно-психических расстройств известно очень мало. Одним из основных патологических процессов, протекающих при различных видах острых и хронических заболеваний ЦНС, является глутамат-опосредованная эксайтотоксичность. Глутамат - это основной возбуждающий нейротрансмиттер в ЦНС. В последние годы стало ясно, что не только избыток глутамата может вызвать массивное повреждение головного мозга. В сыворотке крови и ликворе пациентов с различными психическими и нейровоспалительными заболеваниями были обнаружены несколько типов антиглутамат-рецепторных антител, которые, несомненно, могут также приводить к гибели нейронов и нарушениям их функций, индуцируя различные патологические процессы в ЦНС. Обнаружение аутоантител, связывающихся с NMDA-рецепторами и вызывающих неврологические и психиатрические симптомы, привело к возникновению гипотезы о том, что в основе некоторых случаев психических расстройств могут лежать аутоиммунные процессы. В данном обзоре подробно рассматриваются патологические механизмы действия антител против NMDAR на примере анти-NMDAR энцефалита. Анти-NMDAR энцефалит - это синаптическое аутоиммунное заболевание, при котором IgG аутоантитела распознают NR1-субъединицу NMDA-рецепторов и запускают патологические процессы, проявляющиеся, в том числе психическими нарушениями. Исследования других психических и нейрово-спалительных заболеваний также показывают наличие анти-NMDAR антител у части пациентов. Но роль антител к NMDA рецепторам в развитии психотической симптоматики остается не в полной мере понятной и требует дальнейшего изучения. Исследования в этом направлении представляются чрезвычайно перспективными, открывая новые возможности для понимания патогенеза этой группы заболеваний и разработки новых диагностических и терапевтических подходов при оказании помощи данной категории пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NMDA</kwd><kwd>NMDA-receptors</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>encephalitis</kwd><kwd>psychosis</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammatory diseases</kwd><kwd>NMDA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NMDAR-рецепторы</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>энцефалит</kwd><kwd>психоз</kwd><kwd>нейровоспалительные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fessel W.J. Autoimmunity and mental illness. A preliminary report. 1962. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 6, 320-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Coyle J.T., 2012. NMDA receptor and schizophrenia: a brief history. Schizophr. 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