Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Молекулярная медицина1728-29182499-9490Russkiy Vrach Publishing House11336010.29296/24999490-2021-01-02ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleMicrobiota and melatonin in the system «mother-placenta-fetus»Микробиота и мелатонин в системе «мать-плацента-плод»EvsyukovaInna IvanovnaЕвсюковаИнна Ивановна

Leading Researcher. The Department of Physiology and Pathology of the Newborn

ведущий научный сотрудник отделения физиологии и патологии новорожденных., доктор медицинских наук, профессор

eevs@yandex.ruD.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology ad Reproductology, Russian FederationФГБНУ«НИИ акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта»15012021191VOL 19, NO1 (2021)ТОМ 19, №1 (2021)111618112022Copyright ©; 2021, Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseCopyright ©; 2021, ИД "Русский врач"2021Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseИД "Русский врач"https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113360

The review presents literature data that reveal the mechanism of mutual influence of microbiota and melatonin in the unified system «mother-placenta-fetus». There is shown the variety of functions performed by the microbiota, provided by the presence of communications between different bacterial ecosystems, their balanced interaction, as well as the key role of melatonin in preserving the body’s homeostasis through the control of the composition and activity of the microbiome. The existence of a circadian rhythm within commensal bacteria is a response to an endocrine signal - melatonin, which is regulated by the host’s circadian clock. The results of experimental and clinical studies indicating changes in the composition of intestinal, placental, and vaginal microbiota during pregnancy are presented. The pattern of restructuring of the composition of the microbiome is determined by a significant increase in melatonin production in healthy pregnant women, which confirms its key role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling the composition and functioning of the microbiome, as well as creating optimal conditions for pregnancy outcome for mother and fetus. When the circadian production of melatonin is disrupted, a pregnant woman experiences microbiota dysbiosis and the development of complications in the unified mother-placenta-fetus system. Predicting and preventing these disorders is the use of preventive therapy with melatonin in these patients at the family planning stage.

В обзоре представлены данные литературы, раскрывающие механизм взаимного влияния микробиоты и мелатонина в единой системе «мать-плацента-плод». Показано многообразие выполняемых микробиотой функций, обеспеченных наличием коммуникаций между различными бактериальными экосистемами, их сбалансированным взаимодействием, а также ключевой ролью мелатонина в сохранении гомеостаза организма через контроль состава и жизнедеятельности микробиома. Существование циркадного ритма внутри комменсальных бактерий является ответом на эндокринный сигнал - мелатонин, который регулируется циркадными часами хозяина. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследований, свидетельствующие об изменении в процессе беременности состава кишечной, плацентарной и вагинальной микробиоты. Закономерность перестройки состава микробиома определяется значительным возрастанием у здоровой беременной женщины продукции мелатонина, что подтверждает его ключевую роль в сохранении гомеостаза организма через контроль состава и жизнедеятельности микробиома, а также в создании оптимальных условий для благоприятного исхода беременности для матери и плода. При нарушении циркадной продукции мелатонина у беременной наблюдается дисбиоз микробиоты и развитие осложнений в единой системе «мать-плацента-плод». Прогнозирование и профилактика этих нарушений заключается в применении данным пациентам на этапе планирования семьи превентивной терапии с использованием мелатонина.

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