Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Молекулярная медицина1728-29182499-9490Russkiy Vrach Publishing House11352410.29296/24999490-2021-06-01ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleMicroRNA and its’ targets: basics of boiinformatic searchМикроРНК и их мишени: основы биоинформационного поискаShestakovAlexander VladimirovichШестаковАлександр Владимирович

PhD student of the In-patient Department Therapy Division with a Clinical Pharmacology Course

аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом клинической фармакологии

shestakov1808@gmail.comMikhailovaArina AlekseevnaМихайловаАрина Алексеевна

student of general medicine faculty

студент лечебного факультета

armikhaylova@yandex.ruSaprinaTatiana VladimirovnaСапринаТатьяна Владимировна

MD, PhD, head of the endocrinology clinic

заведующий эндокринологической клиникой, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом клинической фармакологии ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ Минздрава России

tanja.v.saprina@mail.ruOnkhonovaOktyabrina ErdemovnaОнхоноваОктябрина Эрдэмовна

PhD.student of the In-patient Department Therapy Division with a Clinical Pharmacology Course

аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом клинической фармакологии

oktya.2014@mail.ruSiberian State Medical University at the Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации15062021196VOL 19, NO6 (2021)ТОМ 19, №6 (2021)31018112022Copyright ©; 2021, Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseCopyright ©; 2021, ИД "Русский врач"2021Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseИД "Русский врач"https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113524

MicroRNAs are defined as short non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through complementary binding to the corresponding mRNA. This pairing leads to inhibiting offurther translation by mRNA degradation, in other words, microRNA is a crucial example of epigenetic regulation. Recent reports have suggested an important role of these signaling molecules in numerous chronic non-infectious diseases development, including different types of cancer. This linking in the onset and progression of various pathological conditions makes it possible to considermicroRNAs as promising candidates for creating effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic technologies. The main problem in the design of research related to miRNA functional studies is the necessity to predict the effective miRNAs: mRNA interaction because of the multi-target effect on corresponding genes. In order to overcome this barrier and to anticipate potential miRNAs targets effects for the further guidance of the experimental stage, a number of bioinformatics research tools have been developed. In this review we will consider the basic molecular principles that underlie the bioinformatics algorithms for predicting targets and miRNAs: mRNA interactions. Furthermore, the key parameters as well as bases of their interpretation for the most used web tools, such as TargetScan and DIANA Tools, will be described.

МикроРНК - короткие некодирующие последовательности нуклеотидов, представляют собой ключевой механизм эпигенетической регуляции. Контроль экспрессии генов происходит на посттранскрипционном уровне посредством комплементарного связывания микроРНКс соответствующей ей молекулой мРНК, что приводит к деградации последней и прекращению дальнейшей трансляции. На сегодняшний день появляется все больше данных относительно вовлеченности микроРНК в механизм развития сердечнососудистых, эндокринных, злокачественных и других хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, что позволяет рассматривать микроРНК в качестве перспективной основы создания инновационных диагностических, прогностических и лечебных технологий. Однако, исследования по изучению микроРНК значительно усложняются политаргетными влияниями данных молекул, что подчеркивает необходимость тщательного анализа и прогнозирования эффективных взаимодействий микроРНК:мРНК. С целью преодоления настоящего барьера были созданы бионформационные инструменты, позволяющие с определенной точностью просчитывать потенциальные мишени и эффекты микроРНК, тем самым задавая траекторию движения экспериментальным работам. В настоящем обзоре будут рассмотрены основные принципы молекулярного взаимодействия, лежащие в основе алгоритмов работы инструментов биоинформационного поиска для прогнозирования мишеней и микроРНК:мРНК взаимодействий. Кроме того, будут описаны ключевые параметры и основы их интерпретации для наиболее используемых веб-инструментов: TargetScan и DIANA Tools.

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