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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113545</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2022-01-02</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Posttranslational phosphorylation and fragmentation of cardiac troponin T: mechanisms and significance</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Посттрансляционное фосфорилирование и фрагментация сердечного тропонина Т: механизмы и значение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaulin</surname><given-names>Aleksey Mikhailovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаулин</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>post-graduate student, assistant of the department of histology and embryology; MD, doctor of clinical of laboratory diagnosis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ассистент кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии; врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>alekseymichailovich22976@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara Regional Cardiology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Самарский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 20, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 20, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-01-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113545">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113545</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among a very significant number of possible variants of posttranslational modifications (PTM) affecting the contractile function of the myocardium, the most significant effect is exerted by posttranslational phosphorylation of protein components of the contractile apparatus. This type of PTM is carried out due to the action of kinase enzymes (phosphotransferases) that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group to amino acid residues of proteins of the contractile apparatus. A change in the phosphorylation activity leads to a change in the function of the corresponding modified protein, which is accompanied by a change in the contractile function of the entire myocardium. At the same time, the phosphorylation activity of certain contractile proteins can change both in physiological conditions and in some cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart failure, acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, with these pathological conditions, the activity of proteolytic enzymes that cause fragmentation of protein molecules significantly changes. The purpose. To systematize information about the main mechanisms of posttranslational phosphorylation and fragmentation of the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) molecule and note their importance in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CVD. Material and methods. Analysis of the main foreign and domestic sources on PubMed/Medline, Embase, RSCI/elibrary databases over the past 30 years. Results. According to the results of the review, a significant effect of the discussed PTMs on the pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of CVD was shown: 1) an increase in cTnT phosphorylation is mainly accompanied by a decrease in myocardial contractile function; the level of phosphorylated cTnT molecules in blood serum may reflect the status of intracellular phosphorylation, and, accordingly, be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes; 2) fragmentation of the cTnT molecule into smaller fragments promotes earlier release from cardiomyocytes, and by identifying these fragments using immunoassays, early diagnosis of CVD can be improved; these small cTnTfragments can also pass through a hematosalivary and glomerular filter, allowing the use of saliva and oral fluid as a non-invasively obtained biological material, 3) the cleavage of the cTnT molecule by the enzyme thrombin in the myocardium of patients sufferingfrom cardiomyopathy can be considered as an additional pathophysiological mechanism that disrupts the contractile function of the myocardium.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Среди весьма значительного количества возможных вариантов посттрансляционных модификаций (ПТМ), влияющих на сократительную функцию миокарда, наиболее значимое влияние оказывает посттрансляционное фосфорилирование белковых компонентов сократительного аппарата. Данная разновидность ПТМ осуществляется благодаря действию ферментов киназ (фосфотрансфераз), катализирующих перенос фосфатной группы на аминокислотные остатки белков сократительного аппарата. Изменение активности фосфорилирования приводит к изменению функции соответствующего модифицированного белка, что сопровождается изменением сократительной функции всего миокарда. При этом активность фосфорилирования определенных сократительных белков может меняться как в физиологических условиях, так и при некоторых сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях (ССЗ), включая сердечную недостаточность, острый инфаркт миокарда и нарушения сердечного ритма. Кроме того, при данных патологических состояниях значительно меняется активность протеолитических ферментов, вызывающих фрагментацию белковых молекул. Цель. Систематизировать информацию о основных механизмах посттрансляционного фосфорилирования и фрагментации молекулы сердечного тропонина Т (cTnT) и отметить их значение в патогенезе и диагностике ССЗ. Материал и методы. Анализ основных зарубежных и отечественных источников по базам данных PubMed, Medline, Embase, РИНЦ/elibrary в течение последних 30лет. Результаты. По результатам проведенного обзора показано значимое влияние обсуждаемых ПТМ на патофизиологию и лабораторную диагностику ССЗ: 1) повышение фосфорилирования cTnT преимущественно сопровождается падением сократительной функции миокарда; уровень фосфорилированных молекул cTnT в сыворотке крови может отражать статус внутриклеточного фосфорилирования, и соответственно использоваться с диагностическими и прогностическими целями; 2) фрагментация молекулы cTnT на более мелкие фрагменты способствует более раннему высвобождению из кардиомиоцитов, и, выявляя данные фрагменты при помощи иммуноанализов можно улучшить раннюю диагностику ССЗ; эти мелкие фрагменты cTnT также могут проходить через гематосаливарный и гломеруллярный фильтры, позволяя использовать слюну и ротовую жидкость в качестве неинвазивно-получаемого биологического материала, 3) расщепление молекулы cTnT ферментом тромбином в миокарде пациентов, страдающих кардиомиопатией, может рассматриваться как дополнительный патофизиологический механизм, нарушающий сократительную функцию миокарда.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cTnT</kwd><kwd>cardiac troponin T</kwd><kwd>cTnT</kwd><kwd>post-translational modifications</kwd><kwd>phosphorylation</kwd><kwd>kinases</kwd><kwd>protein kinase C</kwd><kwd>fragmentation</kwd><kwd>calpain</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечный тропонин Т</kwd><kwd>посттрансляционныемодификации</kwd><kwd>фосфорилирование</kwd><kwd>киназы</kwd><kwd>протеинкиназа С</kwd><kwd>фрагментация</kwd><kwd>кальпаин</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Чаулин А.М., Дупляков Д.В. 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