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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113576</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2022-02-04</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Soluble forms of programmable cell death receptor sPD-L and ligand sPD-L1, as well as some biochemical and hematological indicators in the blood of COVID-19 diseased</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Растворимые формы рецептора программируемой гибели клетки sPD-1 и лиганда sPD-L1, а также некоторые биохимические и гематологические показатели в крови переболевших COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>Nikolay Evgen’evich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Николай Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, head of the laboratory of clinical biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кадемик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>kne3108@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkina</surname><given-names>Irina Valentinovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics of the laboratory of clinical biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>docbabkina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerstein</surname><given-names>Elena Sergeevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герштейн</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, leading researcher of the laboratory of clinical biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>esgershtein@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimova</surname><given-names>Nina Vasilyevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>Нина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, chief scientific consultant of the laboratory of clinical biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, главный научный консультант лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>Yuriy Sergeevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics of the laboratory of clinical biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>timofeev_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Andreevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior researcher of the laboratory of clinical biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>katinka-kor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubrikhina</surname><given-names>Galina Nikolaevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубрихина</surname><given-names>Галина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, scientific consultant of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, научный консультант клинико-диагностической лаборатории</p></bio><email>zubrlab@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Vladimirovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, head of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией</p></bio><email>davydova.tata@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Somonova</surname><given-names>Oksana Vasyl’evna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сомонова</surname><given-names>Оксана Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, leading researcher of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник клинико-диагностической лаборатории</p></bio><email>somonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>Ivan Sokratovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>Иван Сократович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор</p></bio><email>info@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 20, NO2 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 20, №2 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-02-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113576">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113576</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The main reason for the severity of COVID-19 and the death of patients is the «cytokine storm» - a strong inflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, immune cells that help eliminate pathogens and repair damaged tissues, play a key role in the expression of inflammatory mediators. In addition to known cytokines, macrophages express the PD-L1 protein, a ligand of the PD1 apoptosis receptor. The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the levels of soluble forms of the programmed cell death receptor (sPD-1) and its ligand (sPD-L1), as well as biochemical and hematological parameters in the blood of patients who underwent COVID-19. Material and methods. We carried out sPD-1 and sPD-L1 enzyme immunoassay and biochemical studies in 72 employees of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation who have undergone COVID-19. The control group consisted of 57 healthy donors. The fact of the disease was confirmed by the presence of antibodies to class G immunoglobulins (SARS-Cov-2 IgG) in the blood serum using the ELISA test system Antigma-G (Generium, Russia). The concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in blood serum were studied using the Human sPD-L1 ELISA kit and Human sPD-1 ELISA kit (Affimetrix, eBioscience, USA). The levels of iron, transferrin and ferritin were determined on an automatic analyzer Cobas (Roche). Complete blood count was performed on an automatic Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer (Japan). Results. In the serum of those who underwent COVID-19 (30-50 days after the onset of the first symptoms), there was a significant decrease in sPD-L1 levels and a change in the correlation between the components of the sPD-1 / sPD-L1 system. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between the concentrations of soluble forms of the sPD-1 receptor and its ligand sPD-L1 with the levels of iron, hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes, as well as between sPD-L1 and ferritin. No relationship was found between sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels and erythrocyte counts (MCV, MCH, RDW-SD). Conclusion. The results obtained expand the understanding of the role of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in persons who have undergone COVID-19, demonstrate the relationship between the processes of apoptosis, some biochemical and hematological parameters of blood serum, and are the basis for further research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Основной причиной тяжести течения COVID-19 и смерти пациентов является «цитокиновый шторм» - сильный воспалительный ответ, вызванный SARS-CoV-2. Ключевую роль в экспрессии медиаторов воспаления играют макрофаги - иммунные клетки, способствующие устранению патогенов и восстановлению поврежденных тканей. Кроме известных цитокинов, макрофаги экспрессируют белок PD-L1 - лиганд рецептора апоптоза PD-1. Цель исследования - сравнительный анализ уровней растворимых форм рецептора программируемой гибели клеток (sPD-1) и его лиганда (sPD-L1), а также биохимических и гематологических показателей крови у лиц, перенесших COVID-19. Материал и методы. Провели иммуноферментный анализ sPD-1 и sPD-L1 и биохимические исследования у 72 сотрудников ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РФ, перенесших COVID-19. Группу контроля составили 57 здоровых доноров. Факт перенесенного заболевания подтвержден наличием в сыворотке крови антител к иммуноглобулинам класса G (SARS-Cov-2 IgG) с помощью ИФА тест-системой Antigma-G (Generium, Россия). Концентрации sPD-1 и sPD-L1 в сыворотке крови исследовали реактивами Human sPD-L1 ELISA kit и Human sPD-1 ELISA kit (Affimetrix, eBioscience, США). Уровни железа, трансферрина и ферритина определяли на автоматическом анализаторе Cobas (Roche). Общий анализ крови выполняли на автоматическом анализаторе Sysmex XE-2100 (Япония). Результаты. В сыворотке крови лиц, перенесших COVID-19 (через 30-50 дней со времени появления первых симптомов), отмечено значимое снижение уровней sPD-L1 и изменение корреляции между компонентами системы sPD-1/sPD-L1. Выявлена статистически значимая прямая взаимосвязь между концентрациями растворимых форм рецептора sPD-1 и его лиганда sPD-L1 с уровнями железа, гемоглобина и количеством эритроцитов, а также между sPD-L1 и ферритином. Взаимосвязи между уровнями sPD1 и sPD-L1 и показателями эритроцитов (MCV, MCH, RDW-SD) не обнаружено. Заключение. Полученные результаты расширяют представление о роли sPD-1 и sPD-L1 у лиц, перенесших COVID-19, демонстрируют взаимосвязь между процессами апоптоза, некоторыми биохимическими и гематологическими показателями сыворотки крови и являются основанием для дальнейших исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>sPD-1</kwd><kwd>sPD-L1</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>sPD-1</kwd><kwd>sPD-L1</kwd><kwd>ferritin</kwd><kwd>transferrin</kwd><kwd>iron</kwd><kwd>hemoglobin</kwd><kwd>erythrocytes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ферритин</kwd><kwd>трансферрин</kwd><kwd>железо</kwd><kwd>гемоглобин</kwd><kwd>эритроциты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gong J., Dong H., Xia S.Q., Huang Y., Wang D., Zhao Y., Liu W.H., Tu S.H., Zhang M.M., Wang Q., Lu F.E. 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