Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Молекулярная медицина1728-29182499-9490Russkiy Vrach Publishing House11380210.29296/24999490-2022-05-01ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleSARS-CoV-2 infection as a risk factor for the development of autoimmune pathologyИнфекция SARS-CoV-2 как фактор риска развития аутоиммуной патологииTimofeevaAnna MikhailovnaТимофееваАнна Михайловна

Junior Researcher; Candidate of Biological Sciences.

младший научный сотрудник; Кандидат биологических наук

anna.m.timofeeva@gmail.comSedykhSergey EvgenievichСедыхСергей Евгеньевич

Researcher; Candidate of Biological Sciences.

научный сотрудник; Кандидат биологических наук.

sirozha@gmail.comNevinskyGeorgy AlexandrovichНевинскийГеоргий Александрович

Head of Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor.

заведующий лабораторией; Доктор химических наук, профессор.

nevinsky@niboch.nsc.ruInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукNovosibirsk State UniversityНовосибирский государственный университет15052022205VOL 20, NO5 (2022)ТОМ 20, №5 (2022)31018112022Copyright ©; 2022, Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseCopyright ©; 2022, ИД "Русский врач"2022Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseИД "Русский врач"https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/113802

Relevance: The review is devoted to the analyses of literature data on disorders of the immune system in COVID-19. Since some of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are consistent with those of autoimmune diseases, one of the fundamental questions about COVID-19 pathogenesis is whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is a risk factor for autoimmune disorders. Objective: The assessment of the possible role of the humoral response, in particular, antibodies with different specificity to COVID-19, in developing autoimmune reactions. Material and methods: Scientific publications on the autoimmune diseases published over the past 15 years and on COVID-19 for 2020-2022 were analyzed and systemized; the articles were searched in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Results: This review compares classical autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. This comparison is relevant since the use of drugs commonly prescribed for autoimmune diseases is practised in treating patients with severe COVID-19. The variety of autoantibodies in COVID-19 may reflect transient immune activation under conditions of acute infection, as well as early loss of tolerance and further development of chronic autoimmune pathology. Here we review the viral infections triggering autoimmune pathologies and possible mechanisms of autoimmunity induction in COVID-19; we classified the main groups of antibodies described in patients with COVID-19.

Актуальность: обзор посвящен анализу литературных данных о нарушениях работы иммунной системы при COVID-19. Так как некоторые клинические симптомы COVID-19 соответствуют признакам аутоиммунных заболеваний, один из фундаментальных вопросов патогенеза COVID-19, заключается в том, является ли инфицирование SARS-CoV-2 фактором риска развития аутоиммунных осложнений. Цель: оценка возможной роли гуморального ответа, в частности, антител с различной специфичностью при COVID-19, в развитии аутоиммунных реакций. Материал и методы: анализ и систематизация научных публикаций об аутоиммунных заболеваниях за последние 15 лет и о COVID-19 за 2020-2022 годы; поиск статей выполнен в базах данных PubMed и Scopus. Результаты: В данном обзоре проведено сравнение классических аутоиммунных заболеваний и COVID-19. Это сопоставление обусловлено и тем, что лечения тяжелых пациентов с COVID-19 практикуется использование препаратов, обычно назначаемых при аутоиммунных заболеваниях. Разнообразие аутоантител при COVID-19 может отражать временную иммунную активацию в условиях острой инфекции, а также раннюю потерю толерантности, и дальнейшее развитие хронической аутоиммунной патологии. Проведен обзор вирусных инфекций, запускающих аутоиммунные патологии, а также возможных механизмов индукции аутоиммунитета при COVID-19. Классифицированы и описаны основные группы антител, обнаруженные у пациентов с COVID-19.

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