Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)Молекулярная медицина1728-29182499-9490Russkiy Vrach Publishing House30367410.29296/24999490-2023-01-03ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleModern method of SARS-CоV-2 combatСовременные средства борьбы с SARS-CоV-2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-687XBobkovaNatalya V.БобковаНаталья Викторовна
Russian Federation

Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Mechanisms of Memory Pathology, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences – a Separate Division of Federal Research Center Pushchino Research Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences. Candidate of Biological Sciences

заведующая лаборатории клеточных механизмов патологии памяти, Институт биофизики клетки Российской академии наук – обособленное подразделение ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований Российской академии наук», кандидат биологических наук

nbobkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-9205PoltavtsevaRimma A.ПолтавцеваРимма Алексеевна
Russian Federation

leading researcher, V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Candidate of Biological Sciences

ведущий научный сотрудник, ФГБУН центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России, кандидат биологических наук

rimpol@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6351-1997ChaplyginaAlina V.ЧаплыгинаАлина Вадимовна
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Mechanisms of Memory Pathology, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences – a Separate Division of Federal Research Center Pushchino Research Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных механизмов патологии памяти, Институт биофизики клетки Российской академии наук – обособленное подразделение ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований Российской академии наук»

shadowhao@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-5292SadykovValentin F.СадыковВалентин Фидаильевич
Russian Federation

anesthesiologist-resuscitator, V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation

врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, ФГБУН центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России

valentinsadykov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-1260SukhikhGennady T.СухихГеннадий Тихонович
Russian Federation

Head of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Faculty of Postgraduate Professional Education of Physicians, First Moscow State Medical University named after I.I. THEM. Sechenov, Director, V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

заведующий кафедрой акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии факультета послевузовского профессионального образования врачей Первого Московского Государственного Медицинского Университета им. И.М. Сеченова, директор, ФГБУН центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

sukhikh_g_t@staff.sechenov.ruInstitute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences – a Separate Division of Federal Research Center Pushchino Research Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биофизики клетки РАН – обособленное подразделение ФГБУН ФИЦ Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАНV.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian FederationФГБУ НМИЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России0103202321116290103202301032023Copyright ©; 2023, Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseCopyright ©; 2023, ИД "Русский врач"2023Russkiy Vrach Publishing HouseИД "Русский врач"https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/303674

Relevance: COVID-19 is the accepted name for an acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The suddenness, speed of spread, severity, and high lethality of COVID-19 have led many of the drugs used in the early stages of a pandemic to be based on emergency clinical observations rather than preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, there is no doubt the relevance of systematizing effective therapeutic agents that prevent the severe course of a COVID-19 infection and reduce mortality, the creation of which is based on fundamental knowledge not only of the biology of the virus, but also of the patient’s response, which requires large-scale studies of pathogenesis and the study of predictors of a possible transition of the disease to severe and even the terminal phase.

Objective: A structured description of currently accepted medicines, vaccines, and approaches for the treatment of COVID-19.

Material and methods: a search was conducted in the PubMed database and the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU. The selection of articles was carried out manually. This review includes 69 sources, including methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and data from ongoing clinical trials.

Results: medicines, vaccines and approaches to the treatment of COVID-19, currently adopted in different countries, are systematized, indicating the effectiveness and mechanisms of their action, as well as identified side effects that limit their use in certain groups of patients.

Актуальность: COVID-19 – принятое название острого респираторного заболевания, вызванного коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2. Внезапность, скорость распространения, тяжесть и высокая летальность заболевания COVID-19 привели к тому, что многие лекарственные препараты, применяемые на начальном этапе пандемии, базировались на результатах экстренных клинических наблюдений, а не на данных преклинических и клинических исследований. Поэтому не вызывает сомнения актуальность систематизации эффективных терапевтических средств, предотвращающих тяжелое течение ковидной инфекции, снижающих смертность, в основе создания которых лежат фундаментальные знания не только биологии вируса, но и ответной реакции пациента, что требует масштабных исследований патогенеза и изучения предикторов возможного перехода заболевания в тяжелую и даже терминальную фазу.

Цель: структурированное описание лекарственных средств, вакцин и подходов для лечения COVID-19, принятых в настоящее время.

Материал и методы: проведен поиск в базе PubMed и научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU. Отбор статей осуществлялся вручную. В данный обзор включены 69 источников, включая методические рекомендации Министерства здраво- охранения Российской Федерации и данные текущих клинических испытаний.

Результаты: систематизированы лекарственные средства, вакцины и подходы к лечению СOVID-19, принятые в настоящее время в разных странах с указанием эффективности и механизмов их действия, а также выявленных побочных эффектов, ограничивающих их применение у определенных групп больных.

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