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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">568205</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2023-03-02</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and sleep deprivation in the development of age-associated cognitive dysfunction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные механизмы нейровоспаления и депривации сна при развитии возраст- ассоциированной когнитивной дисфункции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-172X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>Kristina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Кристина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка Красноярского государственного медицинского университета им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</p></bio><email>krisnaz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-7900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostromina</surname><given-names>Regina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костромина</surname><given-names>Регина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of Professor V.F. Voino–Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка Красноярского государственного медицинского университета им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</p></bio><email>regina.kostromina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-3804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinovskaya</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малиновская</surname><given-names>Наталия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of the Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical &amp; Toxicological Chemistry Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий кафедрой биологической химии с курсами медицинской, фармацевтической и токсикологической химии Красноярского государственного медицинского университета им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России, доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>malinovskaya-na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khilazheva</surname><given-names>Elena D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хилажева</surname><given-names>Елена Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior lecturer of the Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical &amp; Toxicological Chemistry Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры биологической химии с курсами медицинской, фармацевтической и токсикологической химии Красноярского государственного медицинского университета им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</p></bio><email>elena.hilazheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-8356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komleva</surname><given-names>Yulia K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комлева</surname><given-names>Юлия Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>professor of the Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical &amp; Toxicological Chemistry Professor V.F. Voino–Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, doctor of Medical Sciences, assistant professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры биологической химии с курсами медицинской, фармацевтической и токсикологической химии Красноярского государственного медицинского университета им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России, доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>yuliakomleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Departament of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical &amp; Toxicological Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, кафедра «Биологической химии с курсами медицинской, фармацевтической и токсикологической химии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-10"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-10"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-25"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/568205">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/568205</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Proinflammatory cytokines produced in elevated concentrations in the elderly significantly impair neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, long-term potentiality, alter neuronal morphology and function, and increase apoptosis. This leads to impaired episodic memory, executive function, and spatial learning, as well as neurodegeneration. Half of the elderly suffer from sleep disorders. Insomnia causes activation of microglia and increases 24-hour expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which enhances pre-existing inflammation, which in turn exacerbates insomnia.</p> <p>Objective: to systematize scientific data on the role of sleep disorders in the development of neuroinflammation in the elderly, other causes and consequences of this condition, as well as on methods of insomnia correction in the elderly.</p> <p>Material and methods: an analysis of the main foreign and domestic sources from PubMed/Medline, elibrary.ru databases was performed.</p> <p>Conclusion. Aging is associated with the inevitable accumulation of cellular damage and depletion of endogenous mechanisms to eliminate DAMPs. Their excessive amount excessively activates NLRP3 inflammasome expressing proinflammatory cytokines. Chronic sleep deprivation in aging occurs because of disturbances in the interaction between sleep homeostatic mechanisms and circadian clock parameters, resulting in increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Increased levels of neuroinflammation impair the survival and proliferation of new neurons and their proper integration into pre-existing hippocampal neural networks encoding spatial information. Increased apoptosis, impaired gliogenesis, dendritic atrophy, and loss of synapses also contribute to the decreased size of the hippocampus in sleep disorders.</p> <p>The use of behavioral strategies to improve sleep quality in the elderly (sleep hygiene, moderate exercise, and social activity) has been discussed to correct the negative effects of chronic neuroinflammation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Провоспалительные цитокины, образующиеся у пожилых лиц в повышенных концентрациях, значительно нарушают нейрогенез в зубчатой извилине гиппокампа, долговременную потенциацию, изменяют морфологию и функцию нейронов, усиливают апоптоз. Это приводит к ухудшению эпизодической памяти, исполнительных функций и пространственного обучения, а также к нейродегенерации. Половина пожилых людей страдает от нарушений сна. Бессонница вызывает активацию микроглии и увеличивает круглосуточную экспрессию провоспалительных цитокинов, что усиливает уже существующее воспаление, которое, в свою очередь, усугубляет бессонницу.</p> <p>Цель. Систематизация научных данных о роли нарушений сна в развитии нейровоспаления у пожилых, других причинах и последствиях этого состояния, а также о методах коррекции бессонницы в пожилом возрасте.</p> <p>Материал и методы. Проведен анализ основных зарубежных и отечественных источников по базам данных PubMed/Medline, e-Library.ru.</p> <p>Заключение. Старение связано с неизбежным накоплением клеточных повреждений и истощением эндогенных механизмов для устранения DAMPs. Их избыточное количество чрезмерно активирует NLRP3 инфламмасому, экспрессирующую провоспалительные цитокины. Хроническая депривация сна при старении возникает из-за нарушений во взаимодействии гомеостатических механизмов сна с параметрами циркадных часов, что приводит к повышению уровня провоспалительных цитокинов. Повышенный уровень нейровоспаления нарушает выживаемость и пролиферацию новых нейронов, их правильную интеграцию в ранее существовавшие нейронные сети гиппокампа, кодирующие пространственную информацию. Также уменьшению размера гиппокампа при нарушениях сна способствует усиленный апоптоз, нарушения глиогенеза, дендритная атрофия и потеря синапсов.</p> <p>Снижение уровня нейрогенеза гиппокампа коррелирует с развитием дефицита памяти и обучения, при этом сильнее страдают более сложные функции – разделение шаблонов и когнитивная гибкость.</p> <p>Для коррекции негативных последствий хронического нейровоспаления обсуждается использование поведенческих стратегий для улучшения качества сна у пожилых (соблюдение гигиены сна, умеренные физические нагрузки и социальная активность).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammaging</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>sleep disorders</kwd><kwd>NLRP3-inflammasome</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>neurogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>нарушения сна при старении</kwd><kwd>NLRP3-инфламмасома</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>нейрогенез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists - doctors of sciences MD-2368.2022.3</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых – докторов наук МД-2368.2022.3</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rudnicka E., Napierała P., Podfigurna A., Męczekalski B., Smolarczyk R., Grymowicz M. 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