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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633666</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2024-03-04</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic significance of expression of signal molecules to evaluate the metastasis of carcinoma of various locations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическая значимость экспрессии сигнальных молекул для оценки метастазирования карцином различной локализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-2148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novak-Bobarykina</surname><given-names>Ulyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новак-Бобарыкина</surname><given-names>Ульяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Cell Biology and Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отдела клеточной биологии и патологии</p></bio><email>ulyana.boba0304@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-5522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dokhov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дохов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher at the Center for Molecular Biomedicine, associate Professor of the Department of Medical Informatics, Candidate of medical sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник Центра молекулярной биомедицины, доцент кафедры медицинской информатики, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>mad20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-7904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>Yuliya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник Центра молекулярной биомедицины, ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>emerald2008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-9740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvetnaya</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кветная</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Biogerontology, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая лабораторией биогеронтологии, доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><email>kvetnaia@gerontology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-4934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paltsev</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальцев</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director, Center for Immunology and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Leading Researcher, Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis (Molecular morphology)”, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор Центра иммунологии и молекулярной биомедицины биологического факультета, ведущий научный сотрудник Научно-образовательного ресурсного центра «Инновационные технологии иммунофенотипирования, цифрового пространственного профилирования и ультраструктурного анализа (Молекулярная морфология)», академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>mpaltzev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Autonomous scientific non-profit organization of higher education Research Center “St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Автономная научная некоммерческая организация высшего образования Научно-исследовательский центр «Санкт-Петербургский институт биорегуляции и геронтологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “First St. Petersburg State Medical University Academician named after I.P. Pavlov” Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Peoples’ Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/633666">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/633666</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Relevance</bold><bold>. </bold>Ectopic secretion, which occurs in the early stages of tumor development, is not only one of the first signs of a neoplasm, but can also indicate the severity of the oncological process.</p> <p><bold>Purpose</bold><bold> </bold><bold>of</bold><bold> </bold><bold>the</bold><bold> </bold><bold>study</bold><bold>: </bold>To evaluate the possibility of using the expression of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon to predict distant metastases of gastric, prostate and lung carcinomas.</p> <p><bold>Material</bold><bold> </bold><bold>and</bold><bold> </bold><bold>methods</bold><bold>. </bold>The medical histories of 98 people and histological material from carcinomas of the stomach, prostate and lungs were studied. Using the method of immunohistochemistry, data were obtained on the relative area of expression of molecular markers in tumor cells – sorcin, histamine and caldesmon at various stages of tumor differentiation. Discriminant analysis was used to predict distant metastasis of carcinomas.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>. </bold>It was found that the relative expression of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon is statistically significantly lower in tumors with a high degree of differentiation (G1–G2) than in low-grade ones (G3–G4). Moreover, the presence of metastases was registered only for tumors with a low degree of differentiation. The relative expression area of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon had a high correlation with tumor differentiation. To predict the occurrence of distant metastases based on the expression of biological markers, discriminant functions were generated. Evaluation of the resulting discriminant model showed the correctness of the forecast in 94.8% of cases.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>. </bold>The study found that high levels of the relative area of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon indicate low differentiation of adenocarcinomas in the stomach, prostate gland and lungs. These biological markers can be used to predict distant metastases for adequate selection of further treatment tactics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Эктопическая секреция, возникающая на ранних стадиях развития опухолей, является не только одним из первых признаков новообразования, но также может свидетельствовать о степени тяжести онкологического процесса.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Оценить возможность использования экспрессии сорцина, гистамина и кальдесмона для прогноза отдаленных метастазов карцином желудка, предстательной железы и легких.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Исследованы истории болезни 98 пациентов и гистологический материал карцином желудка, предстательной железы и легких. С помощью иммуногистохимического метода получены данные об относительной площади экспрессии молекулярных маркеров в опухолевых клетках – сорцина, гистамина и кальдесмона на различных стадия дифференцировки опухолей. С помощью дискриминантного анализа осуществлен прогноз отдаленного метастазирования карцином.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Установлено, что относительная экспрессия сорцина, гистамина и кальдесмона статистически значимо ниже в опухолях с высокой степенью дифференцировки (G1–G2), чем в низкодифференцированных (G3–G4). При этом наличие метастазов зарегистрировано только для опухолей с низкой степенью дифференцировки. Показатели относительной площади экспрессии сорцина, гистамина и кальдесмона имели высокую взаимосвязь с дифференцировкой опухоли. Для прогноза возникновения отдаленных метастазов по данным экспрессии биологических маркеров были сформированы дискриминантные функции. Оценка полученной дискриминантной модели показала правильность прогноза в 94,8% случаев.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В ходе исследования установлено, что высокие показатели относительной площади сорцина, гистамина и кальдесмона свидетельствуют о низкой дифференцировке аденокарцином в желудке, предстательной железе и легких. Указанные биологические маркеры могут быть использованы для прогноза отдаленных метастазов для адекватного выбора дальнейшей тактики лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>sorcin</kwd><kwd>histamine</kwd><kwd>caldesmon</kwd><kwd>metastases</kwd><kwd>adenocarcinoma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>сорцин</kwd><kwd>гистамин</kwd><kwd>кальдесмон</kwd><kwd>метастазы</kwd><kwd>аденокарцинома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Stecklein S.R., Sharma P. 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