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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633671</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2024-03-09</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of the <italic>AKT1</italic> gene in the Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль гена <italic>AKT1</italic> при развитии сахарного диабета типа 2 и его осложнений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-0969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher of Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, PhD</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник Института биохимии и генетики – обособленного структурного подразделения Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения</p> <p> </p></bio><email>Olga_mk78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8745-9989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shangareeva</surname><given-names>Ziliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шангареева</surname><given-names>Зилия Асгатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor at the Faculty of pediatrics with courses in pediatrics, neonatology and a simulation center, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии с курсами педиатрии, неонатологии и симуляционным центром, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>shangareeva2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-6433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avsaleydiniva</surname><given-names>Diana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авзалетдинова</surname><given-names>Диана Шамилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor at the Department of Endocrinology, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры эндокринологии, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>ecolab_203@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8900-2480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Viktorova</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викторова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Biology, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, заведующий кафедры биология, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>t_vict@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-5173</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1200-2906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korytina</surname><given-names>Gulnas F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корытина</surname><given-names>Гульназ Фаритовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Expert scientific worker of Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Doctor of biological sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный сотрудник Института биохимии и генетики – обособленного структурного подразделения Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения, доктор биологических наук</p></bio><email>guly_kory@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – a structural subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/633671">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/633671</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold><bold>. </bold>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder. The number of diabetic people is increasing. AKT1 is a protein kinase and a participant in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of polymorphic variants rs3803300 and rs2494732 of the AKT1 gene with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications.</p> <p><bold>Methods</bold><bold>. </bold>PCR-RFLP analysis was used to study polymorphic variants of two polymorphic loci of the AKT1 gene. DNA samples of 533 patients with T2D and 397 individuals of the control group were used in the work.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>. </bold>The association of the rs3803300 locus of the AKT1 gene with the risk of developing T2D, the effect allele T (р=0.02), and the risk genotypes of CT-CC of the rs2494732 locus of the AKT1 gene (р=0.042) were revealed. It was shown that carriers of the CT-CC genotypes of the rs2494732 locus of the AKT1 gene had an increased weight (р=0.026). An association of the rs3803300 locus of the AKT1 gene with the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (р=0.021), polyneuropathy (р=0.0084), coronary heart disease (р=0.032) and diabetic encephalopathy (р=0.0064) was found. The rs2494732 locus of the AKT1 gene is associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy (р=0.024).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>. </bold>The data obtained indicate the prospects of analyzing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway genes for the search for personalized predictors of T2D and its complications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Сахарный диабет типа 2 (СД2) является прогрессирующим заболеванием, охватывающим все большее число людей. АКТ1 протеинкиназа – участник PI3K/AKT/mTOR сигнального пути.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>явился анаид ассоциации полиморфных вариантов rs3803300 и rs2494732 гена AKT1 с риском развития СД2 и его осложнениями.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Методом ПЦР-ПДРФ анализа проведено изучение полиморфных вариантов двух полиморфных локусов гена АКТ1. В работе были использованы образцы ДНК 533 пациентов с СД2 и 397 индивидуумов контрольной группы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Была выявлена ассоциация локуса rs3803300 гена АКТ1 с риском развития СД2, аллель эффекта Т (р=0,02) и генотипы риска СТ-СС локуса rs2494732 гена AKT1 (р=0,042). Показано, что носители генотипов СТ-СС локуса rs2494732 гена AKT1 имели повышенную массу (р=0,026). Выявлена ассоциация локуса rs3803300 гена AKT1 с риском развития диабетической ретинопатии (р=0,021), полинейропатии (р=0,0084), ИБС (р=0,032) и диабетической энцефалопатии (р=0,0064). Локус rs2494732 гена AKT1 ассоциирован с развитием диабетической нефропатии (р=0,024).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные указывают на перспективность анализа генов PI3K/AKT/mTOR сигнального пути для поиска персонифицированных предикторов СД2 и его осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>AKT1</kwd><kwd>PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет типа 2</kwd><kwd>АКТ1</kwd><kwd>PI3K/AKT/mTOR сигнальный путь</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation No. 22-25-00010</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд №22-25-00010</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>King D., Yeomanson D., Bryant H.E. 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