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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2918</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2499-9490</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677294</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29296/24999490-2024-06-09</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on immunocompetent cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генотоксическое влияние SARS-CoV-2 на иммунокомпетентные клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-7213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhova</surname><given-names>Natalya Gennadievna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плехова</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor, Head of Interdisciplinary Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, доцент, заведующая междисциплинарным научно-исследовательским центром</p></bio><email>pl_nat@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-3629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Alexander Olegovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Александр Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>mao1991@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-3259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokotun</surname><given-names>Svetlana Anatolyevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сокотун</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>sokotun.s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-4673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simakova</surname><given-names>Anna Ivanovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симакова</surname><given-names>Анна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>anna-inf@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zmitrovich</surname><given-names>Nikita Alexandrovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Змитрович</surname><given-names>Никита Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6<sup>th</sup> year student, specialty 30.05.01 Medical Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 6 курса, специальность 30.05.01 Медицинская биохимия</p></bio><email>zmitrovich199919@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6571-4555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrenko</surname><given-names>Ksenia Alexandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитренко</surname><given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>ksdmitrenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0757-4363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudzenko</surname><given-names>Elena Vladimirovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудзенко</surname><given-names>Елена Владимирова</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель главного врача по медицинской части</p></bio><email>gudzenko@primspk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education "Pacific State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Regional Blood Transfusion Station"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Краевая станция переливания крови»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russkiy Vrach Publishing House</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "Русский врач"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2030-03-17"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/677294">https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/677294</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>In present, the medical community continues to study the impact of coronavirus infection on various organs and systems of the body. Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes multifaceted pathological processes and, among other things, affects the cells of the circulatory system.</p> <p><bold>Objective: </bold>To assess the degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods. </bold>200 patients took part in the study. The control group consisted of conditionally healthy individuals matched by gender and age (n=50). The degree of DNA damage was assessed using the DNA comet assay in an alkaline medium. The assessment parameters included: tail length (TL) (pc), percentage of damaged DNA in the tail (Tail DNA, %), tail moment (conventional units) and Olive moment (conventional units).</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The average values of the parameters of comet DNA of patients in the acute period of coronavirus infection were: TL 95.18±5.7 pc, percentage of damaged DNA in the tail (Tail DNA%) 70.82±7.12%, tail moment 68.52±8.58 conventional units, Olive moment 41.11±4.46 conventional units. When comparing the parameters of comet DNA of lymphocytes of conditionally healthy individuals and patients in the acute period of coronavirus infection associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a significant increase (p &lt; 0.001) in these parameters is noted, which indicates an increase in the content of fragmented and damaged DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes in sick individuals.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The obtained results prove the powerful genotoxic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on human cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> В настоящее время медицинское сообщество продолжает изучать влияние коронавирусной инфекции на различные органы и системы организма. Инфицированность вирусом SARS-CoV-2 вызывает многогранные патологические процессы и, в том числе, влияет на клетки кровеносной системы.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования. Оценить степень повреждения ДНК лимфоцитов периферической крови пациентов, инфицированных вирусом SARS-CoV-2.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>В исследовании приняли участие 200 пациентов. Группу контроля составили условно здоровые лица, сопоставимые по полу и возрасту (n=50). Оценку степени повреждения ДНК проводили методом ДНК-комет в щелочной среде. К параметрам оценки относились: длина хвоста (TL) (Tail length, пк), процент поврежденной ДНК в хвосте (Tail DNA, %), момент хвоста (TM) (Tail moment, усл. ед.) и момент Олива (OM) (Olive Moment, усл. ед.).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Средние значения параметров ДНК комет пациентов в остром периоде коронавирусной инфекции составили: TL – 95,18±5,7 пк, процентное содержание поврежденной ДНК в хвосте (Tail DNA%) 70,82±7,12%, TM – 68,52±8,58 усл. ед., OM – 41,11±4,46 усл. ед. При сравнении параметров ДНК комет лимфоцитов лиц условно здоровой группы и пациентов в остром периоде коронавирусной инфекции, ассоциированном с вирусом SARS-CoV-2, отмечается значимое увеличение (p &lt; 0.001) данных параметров, что свидетельствует о повышении содержания фрагментированной и поврежденной ДНК в лимфоцитах периферической крови у заболевших лиц.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные результаты доказывают мощное генотоксическое действие вируса SARS-CoV-2 на клетки человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>comet DNA method</kwd><kwd>lymphocyte</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>метод ДНК-комет</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Сомова Л.М., Коцюрбий Е.А., Дробот Е.И., Ляпун И.Н., Щелканов М.Ю. 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